Rousseau's view on language Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Rousseaus view on language - Essay ExampleThis means that at first the worlds did not have meaning per se and acquired permanent meaning only later in history when speech lost its original characteristics. Furthermore, Rousseau suggests that the theories which argue that the origin of language might be easily explained by the necessity of the people to communicate about future actions and coordinate them are misplayn. He points out the fact that when a person is crying, the situation is understandable without both words as the person feels compassion and might comfort the other person without even knowing the language. As has been mentioned before, one would make no mistake pointing out that speech and song originate for a common source the desire to convey inner feelings. While they were developing together, there are several(prenominal) factors that accelerated evolution of the former, such as the invention of writing. Indeed, people started to record what they say much earlier than they invented ways to record

Prostate Cancer Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Prostate Cancer - Annotated Bibliography ExampleThe article goes further to suggest that tangible activities are crucial at this point because they improve ones psychological and physical well being. In addition, a physical activity intervened emotional state style slows or reverses a declined quality of life. This debate suggests that no research so far has ever attempted to evaluate an improvement multiple QOL domain discussion in prostate cancer patients under androgen ablation therapy. The study used a randomized control trial design for active life after cancer to evaluate the efficiency of physical activities interventions in the improvement of QOL of patients under this therapy. In addition, a group of lifestyle program of a 6 month behavioral skill training group was compared to a standard care and educational support program. The objective of this study was to present baseline schooling that would exemplify the QOL of the chosen sample. The findings indicated that marr ied participants were less psychologically distressed as compared to those who were unmarried. The limitation to the study was that the researchers experienced challenges in recruiting the participants. This study is relevant to the case study presented because Massri needs to perform more physical activities in addition to his golf to improve his health status. He is lucky to be married to Aziza, hence he is likely to be less psychologically and physically distressed.Hoyt, M.A., Stanton, A.L., Bower, J.E., KaMala S. T., Litwin, M.S., Breen, E.C. & Irwin, M.R. (2013). Inflammatory biomarkers and emotional approach coping in men with prostate cancer. Brain, Behavior and Immunity, 32, 173-179. doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2013.04.008The objective of the to a higher place article was to establish whether emotion coping is connected with psychological and physical health outcome improvement. The study was specific to prostate cancer related stressors in comparison with previous research, whic h was characterized

Lawrence of Arabia Write Up Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Lawrence of Arabia Write Up - Essay Exampletes, History precisely offers a clearer case of a man born for a mission, of a life moving along a path pointed out by fate-even though twists in its course may have hid the direction.(Hart, 1989, p, 3) In this article, the issues and incidents relating to the meritorious rise of Lawrence from a helping hand in the Military Headquarters of British, to an extraordinary leader, who direct by example, is discussed. Apart from his military adventures, the account of his skilful role as a negotiator for the Arab interests with the Western Powers is also given. This man was appreciated by no less a person than Sir Winston Churchill, the then Prime Minister of Great Britain. He possessed excellent literary skills.The synopsis of the story goes thus. Lawrence is content to holler him an ordinary man, but all extraordinary personalities are modest in saying thus about themselves. Born in Tremadoc, Wales, in 1888, doubting Thomas Edward - known as Ned - was the second of five illegitimate boys. Sir Thomas Chapman fell in love with the family governess, Sarah Junner, left his first marriage, took a new name of Lawrence and remained unwed. teach, he said later, was an irrelevant and time-wasting nuisance, which I hated and condemned.(Hart, 1989, p, 4)He appreciated the practical life and remained ever ready to face its harsh realities. Lawrence family settled in Oxford, and present Ned got the opportunity to go to school and university. As a youth his latent love for history and travel found outward manifestation, and he took fascination to research castles and old churches. A study trip took him to Syria, where he walked over a thousand miles. He studied remote Crusader castles. After graduation, he resolved to become an archaeologist. His thesis for his finals was The Influence of the Crusades on European Military Architecture - to the end of the XII century.He arrived to the Middle East, to work in an excavation grade in Carchemish from 1910-1914, in northern part

Mrs. Dalloway Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Mrs. Dalloway - Essay ExampleLove, literature and life are shown to be inextricably linked in concert in this novel written by a woman who was born in a literary family, whose house was a haven for the artistically inclined, and who wed a man of earn. In Mrs Dalloway, Septimus Warren Smith, Clarissa Dalloway, turncock Walsh and Sally Seton are, despite all their tribulations, amply rewarded by their love of letters. Although Richard Dalloway is no reader, his patent love for his wife and his concern for her onetime suitor, emphasizes his humanity and redeems his soul. Characters like Sir William Bradshaw, Lady Bruton and Hugh Whitbread, for all their material prosperity are seen to lack spiritual grace because they, at best, do no more than try to manipulate language for their own ends.At the opening of the novel, Clarissa Dalloway takes upon herself the task of buying flowers for the party at her house because the servants would have plenty on their hands. It is a beautiful June morning- fresh as if issued to children on a beach(5) and Clarissas thoughts flow back to the time when she was eighteen and perhaps in love with Peter Walsh who was in love with herMusing among the vegetables--was that it--I prefer... , she forgot which, for his letters were awfully dull it was his sayings one remembered his eyes, his pocket-knife, his smile, his grumpiness and, when millions of things had utterly vanished--how strange it was--a few sayings like this about cabbages. (5-6)It had been fabricated at the time that Peter would write-that he would go on to be a writer-but he cheerfully reveals to Sally Seton at the end of the novel that he had written Not a word (207). However, he had always been a good and judicious reader, and a good and judicious critic of life and letters and men and women, as well as an excellent conversationalist. It was his private grief that, because Clarissa had rejected him, he had fallen for all the wrong women and made a jam of his life, b ut even so, at the end of the novel, the very sight of Clarissa from afar fills him with extraordinary excitement (215).One character who seems to live more in the reverend world of letters than in the real world of life is the relatively young Septimus Warren Smith whose noble mind has been broken by the destruction of a beloved friend at his side in the war. The world fills him with apprehension, and empathetically we feel, rightly so Septimus Warren Smith, aged about thirty, pale-faced, beak-nosed, wearing chocolate-brown shoes and a shabby overcoat, with hazel eyes which had that look of apprehension in them which makes complete strangers apprehensive too. The world has raised its whip where will it condescend (17)Septimus lives in a world of his own populated by his own anxieties and fears and by the voices and sounds that speak to him and to him only, and which he feels compelled to recordMen must not prove down trees. There is a God. (He noted such revelations on the bac ks of envelopes.) Change the world. No one kills

Stem Cell Research Legislation Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Stem Cell Legislation - Research Paper ExampleBy mid 2000s, galore(postnominal) states equivalent New Jersey allowed military personnel cloning for for developing and harvesting stem cells from humans. However, others like Indiana and Michigan amended laws that prohibited human conceptus creation or destruction for purposes of medical inquiry (Vestal and Writer 2008). During his second term, in 2006, Bush for the first of all time used his presidential veto on Enhancement spot of Stem Cell Research, but it was not enacted into law. Chris Smith, a Jersey relative man, wrote the 2005 Research Act on Stem Cell Therapeutic, with any(prenominal) narrow exceptions, and President Bush signed it into law. When Obama took over as the US president, he removed federal funding restriction, which Bush had passed in 2001 and this only allowed 21 cell lines funding which had already been created. Contrary, the Dickey Budget Amendment in the 2009 Act on Omnibus Appropriations still bans fund ing by federal for creation of unseasoned cell lines. This means that the federal government can only fund research that uses hundreds of lines created by private and public funds The Presidents Council (2005). scientific Background Stem cells are found in many multicellular organisms for example hematopoietic stem cells that are multipotent and give rise to consanguinity lineage cells. Embryonic stem cells differ from multi potent stem cells in that, they are pluripotent and hence are able to provide all body cells. The first embryonic stem cells in humans were isolated in 1998, but 1981, they had been isolated in mice (John and Joe, 2007). The cell therapy on stem cells is called stem cell treatments, which make new cells into bodies of humans for possible cancer, diabetes, and somatic cells treatment as well as other medical conditions. Stem cells might also be useable in cloning and they have also been used in repair of tissues that have been damaged by diseases (Neel and Si lberner2008). After fertilization, according to John and Joe, (2007) a research conducted at the university of Wake Forest indicated that amniotic fluid sperm cells donated by pregnant mothers hold similar promise like embryonic stem cells. under President Bill Clintons administration, NIH, in 2000 issued federal funding guidelines for embryonic stem cell research (John and Joe, 2007). Stem Cell Research Enhancement Act This was the name given to two similar bills that that passed through the house of senate and representatives in United States. President Bush vetoed the two bills but was not signed into law. regardless of their names, they hence remained as bills and not act. Act of 2005 was the first one to be vetoed by President Bush after five years of his inauguration. The bill however did not allow stem cell research to be funded by the federal government. If it was passed, it would have allowed new lines of stem cell research gotten from human embryos, which had been cast out and be created for treatments of fertility. The 2007 Act proposed federal legislation that could amend the act of public health service to provide for stem cell research on human embryos. In April 2007, the bill was passed in the senate and the house by June. The 2009 act triggered more concerns on whether to enact the bill into law but was later passed by the congress in 2009. Stem Cell Research Legislation Stem cell research offers a positive to promise to the cure of certain deadly diseases like cancer and diabetes. Kirk, the Illinois republican says that it is

Question 2. Standardized Testing of Students Essay

Question 2. Standardized Testing of Students - Essay ExampleWithout a doubt, this uniform and consistent agreement of assessment has now change state an indispensable and requisite part of most of the schools, colleges and universities all over the globe. These educational institutions consequently, spend millions of dollars every twelve months on this administration wide testing of their students to judge them in all possible aspects and assist them in overcoming their faults and flaws (Sacks, 12). Initially there were only a few educational institutions that were adopting the special(a) standardized system of assessments (Heller, 152). However with the rapid pace of time and the excessive competitiveness in the world a number of agencies have been real that argon conducting these tests. Some of the most prominent evaluation agencies of the world argon named as the subject Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), Educational Testing Service (ETC), National Council on Educat ional Standards and Testing (NCEST) and many more widespread all over the world. These agencies have great expertise in their tasks and are highly sea captain in conducting the testing methods and practices. This standardized system of evaluating the students was basically introduced for the purpose of shaping the learners so that they get pretty much suitable for the remediation. In addition, this system has therefore gained so much in popularity that renowned educational institutions have started adopting this system. The condition behind this excessive adaptation is the fact that people have widely developed so much trust factor on these testing service agencies. The trust factor is developed because these agencies are well reputed, rated and most importantly cognize for their unbiased attitude. They treat all students with complete justice and make sure that no unbiased practice exists within their system. Thus all this results in a positive outcome that all the students are objectively judged and evaluated that ultimately institute them a hand to improve on their mistakes. No matter these testing systems are really authentic and bonafide but the question arises that, why do the school, colleges and universities pay so much to get these external services rather than conducting the tests within their management. The reason behind this statement is that these agencies not simply conduct the evaluative assessments but also provide countless benefits to the institutes that hire these agencies. Some major pros of these standardized tests potty be highlighted as they are greatly efficient and effective to provide two most important sources of entropy. These information sources that include the standardized system goat bring into play as to weigh up the students potential, capability, competence and aptitude towards his or her studies. In turn all these evaluations will lend a hand to the student and institute in order to endow with enhanced or improved te aching, responsibility, and the control (Hamilton et al, 3). Moreover, it also encompasses the piece of evidence that this information can even be used in order to make a number of important and imperative decisions. In addition, the overall focus of these concordant and uniform tests revolve around her universal and collective nature. It is devised or proposed to the students in a common mode for the reason that the management and admin do not become erratic or capricious in reflecting the complete performance of the students. Thus, all these controlled and calculative variables escort to an

Kant Moral Ethics Essay Example for Free

Kant Moral Ethics EssayImmanuel Kants moral theory can be best explained by comparing it to a math equation. Kants moral governing body will always hold true no matter what the circumstance just like how two plus two will always equalise four. According to Kant, our lives should be lived according to dictums that can be willed into universal law (Kant, Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysic of Morals, p 303). However the betion regarding a moral decision is non judged by the consequences of that action, rather by the motive of that action. Kants the method of moral reasoning starts off by first realizing the principle the sharp agent is acting under.To richly understand what this means, a rational agent is to be defined as an entity who is cap equal to(p) of making rational decisions regardless of their natural inclinations. This condition excludes such examples as, animals, infants, and pack in a coma from being considered to be a rational agent because they do not t ry out the capacity to reason. After realizing the principle the individual is acting under, determine if the reason is mor solelyy right. In order to determine if the maxim is ethical and able to be willed into universal law, it must pass troika tests autonomy, view for humanity, and the terra firma of ends.Autonomy describes the feeling of accomplishment. This can be illustrated as a man who promises his wife that he will take off the pass from golfing and file their tax reports. By keeping his promise to his wife he not solely feels the satisfaction from finishing their tax report provided also, more importantly feels good about sweep uping through with his promise. Autonomy is important because if the husband breaks his promises and lives his life as a promise breaker thus this maxim is clearly self-defeating.The entire maxim of promising to break promises does not pass the test of autonomy therefore could never be passed as a universal law. However, if after passing the autonomy test, then a principle must also respect everyone elses autonomy. In order to respect humanity, make decisions that show an overall concern for rational agents. If by treating them as a rational agent, then the principle will not affect another persons ability rationalize. In order to do this, it is never acceptable to treat a rational being as merely a means (Kant, Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysic of Morals, p 307).That is to say, the act of rape treats the rational agent as a means to sexual gratification. The act of rape does not respect the agent as a rational being and could never be willed into a moral universal law. However if a principle was able to pass the first two conditions, then it is necessity to subject it to the kingdom of ends test. The kingdom of ends is composed of a group of rational agents all with different objectives in life. The importance of having different objectives in life insures that all perspectives and backgrounds work been cover ed.These agents have been given the responsibility of creating a free society. A free society entails laws that every rational agent in that society would hold in upon. If the principle is not a measure that the kingdom of ends would enact, then the principle, by Kants definition, is immoral. Let us analyze the principle of apathy. Living an apathetic life does thence pass the test of autonomy and by showing indifference to other rational agents it also passes the test of humanity. However, apathy would not pass the kingdom of ends, as no rational being would accept such a maxim.As a result, an apathetic life could not be passed as universal law. As an example, we will refer back to the persecution of Jews during World War II. Say a man is hiding a Jew in his house and the Gestapo comes knocking on door. However, as the Gestapo questions the man of the whereabouts of the Jew, the man cannot lie and say that no one is hiding within his house, but at the same time, if he were to tel l the truth he would be indirectly bringing harm upon himself and the Jew. The man should question the Gestapo about what they plan on doing to the Jew once they have located him.According to Kant, consequences have no relevance, although if all possible consequences were known, then it would be permissible to lightly take them into account. Since telling the truth by giving the Gestapo the whereabouts of the Jew would bring direct harm, it is permissible to lie. The maxim would be to never lie unless the truth results direct or indirect harm. This maxim respects autonomy and human nature and would be pass the kingdom of ends test and thus can be willed into universal moral law. Now take the case of chivvy and Sally, according to Kantian moral reasoning, should Sally coax Harry?If Sally were to seduce Harry by taking him back to her place and having sex with him, she would be utilise him as a means to her ends. By Sally using Harry simply as a means to achieve her ends, that mora l decision is breaking a fundamental Kantian principle. victimisation people as only a means is never acceptable. The difference between Sally seducing Harry into sex and Sally having consensual sex with Harry is the difference of deception and coercion. According to Mappes, deception and coercion ar the methods for sexually using someone (Mappes, Sexual Morality, p. 166).The whole idea is based off the respect for an individual person to voluntarily make their own decisions. By deceiving someone, it is clearly misleading a person to make a decision that they would not have made, had it been on their own regard. However the objection can be made that Sally should do what ultimately brings her pleasure. Using Utilitarian morality, something that results in the greater pleasure, or keep offance of harm, of the populations involved is morally correct. Even though Harry is somewhat apprehensive of the whole casual sex idea, he is not defiant or strongly against it.It can even be rea soned that Harry might even enjoy himself once him and Sally are having sex. And also, casual sex is suddenly okay if there is no lying, deceiving, or exploiting (Elliston, In Defense of Promiscuity, p. 170). I believe Ellistons definition of deceiving is different that Kants definition. Kant covers all and any type of deception as immoral. Elliston agrees that deception is indeed immoral, but his definition of deception would be a man telling a woman he does not have herpes virus when indeed he does. As long as sex is consensual, there is no harm.Sally would only be seducing Harry back to her house under, say, the supposition to watch a movie, however when the actual act of intercourse happens, Harry is not being deceived at all. Even with the arguments above, Sally would ultimately be using Harry simply as a means to achieve her ends of sexual pleasure. By using Kantian morality, Sally should not pressure Harry to issue home with her nor should she try to seduce him. Kant reaso ns that human beings have been given this gift of free will to act as the dividing line between humans and animals. Animals are considered animals because they lack the ability to rationalize.What then, is the ultimate value and purpose of having a free will? If the point of having a free will was to seek pleasure and avoid harm, then we are nothing more than animals and have wasted this ability to reason. Instead, humans have free will so they could follow moral law. Therefore, follow moral law even in situations where social laws or natural inclinations could conflict. By following Kants moral reasoning, what we do in our lives is right not only because we ourselves believe it to be right but also since we have willed it to become universal law, it could not possibly be wrong.The maxims that we base our lives on are per se good because we are able to will it into universal law. Therefore, moral decisions made using Kants ideas can be applied universally. Kants ideas show respect for humanity and peoples decisions are not made for selfish pleasure seeking reasons by treating people as a means, but rather they are made based on universal morals and by treating everybody as an rational agent. By following Kants moral reasoning a rational agent will be able to make the right decision when faced with any type of moral dilemma.