Reasons For The Economic Instability In The 1930s Politics Essay

Explanations behind The Economic Instability In The 1930s Politics Essay Theoretical: This paper analyzes the explanations behind the flimsiness on the planet economy in 1930s. To start with, the primary driver are recorded and given brief diagram of the clarifications. The most point by point consideration is paid to the Hegemonic Stability Theory, as I trust it gives one of the most exhaustive responses for all the issues of the predefined period. I likewise legitimately cited the vision of R.Keynes with respect to a portion of those issues. Taking everything into account I attempted to draw up a corresponding with the current real factors and point out fundamental exercises from the history and their impressions of the occasions of 1930s. The motivation behind why I picked this paper title is the way that a large portion of the issues of the predefined period are as yet applicable, however they likewise legitimately reflect current real factors. As the old Kazakh adage says: Tamyry zhoktyn erteni bolmas (Those who have no rootes [do not treat heritage], have no future). In this manner, it is essential to contemplate the causes of the world emergency of 1930s, as it is frequently alluded to as one of the most noticeably awful strife in the cutting edge world history for its spread, length, and profundity. The ongoing extended emergency is regularly contrasted with it of late. As any stream has bunches of springs to begin from, the shakiness of world economy of 1930s began from many divided issues and occasions. The most regularly acknowledged causes are: the finish of the Pax Britannica age, the World War I and its results, the absence of authority from US, the breakdown of the best quality level, the clamorous worldwide monetary relations in the Interwar time frame, crash of the liberal methodology in economy, the change to heightened innovative headway underway and so forth. The rundown of the causes can continue endlessly, because of the assortment of dreams and ways to deal with the issue. There are as much clarifications and speculations as much causes as recorded above and significantly more. As I would see it, the Theory of Hegemonic Stability (principle scholars: C.Kindleberg, R.Gilpin, and S.Krasner) offers the most complete response for all the issues of the predefined period. Under this hypothesis the world request is made sure about regarding steadiness just under a predominant principle of one driving state. Kindleberg legitimately expresses that the fundamental explanation of the interwar emergency was the absence of will from United States to supplant the Great Britain as the authoritative force. (Kindleberg, 1973). As it is straightforwardly expressed in the center books on IPE, all through the entire nineteenth century Great Britain had monetary authority over the greater part of the world. As indicated by Kindleberg, not until 1931 was it clear that Britain couldn't give the authority. (1973) Extraordinary Britains incomparability initiative was firmly related the transparency of universal exchange and capital developments, with the start of globalization of the business sectors, the ascent of first worldwide organizations, and the general monetary and political security of that period. World War I brought about the finish of British authority and the vast majority of the conditions that it had advanced. Before long there was an expansion of the protectionism all over the world and further uprise of local alliances. Establishments of the worldwide economy were disintegrated by the decrease in capital versatility, which at long last brought about the developing monetary unsteadiness and the downturn. Along these lines, the general circumstance was not all that positive for the new hegemon. The reason for this disastrous chain of occasions has regularly been laid at Americas doorstep. The United States was, toward the finish of World War I, the universes most grounded financial force. In any case, it unfalteringly would not take on the influential position that Britain could not play anymore. This unreliability was most clearly exemplified in the psyches of numerous individuals by the scandalous Smoot-Hawley Tariff (1930), which raised the normal expense on imports to the United States by around 40 percent. Toward the start of the downturn, the United States shut its business sectors to remote merchandise and therefore pushed the world economy into its most exceedingly terrible swoon ever. The reluctance of the United States to arrange its financial and cash strategies with different nations simply exacerbated the circumstance. This neutralist act with respect to the universes financial hegemon had negative ramifications for most different nations and the United States itself. (H.Milner, 1998) As expressed over the clamorous financial relations that emerged in that period contributed fundamentally to the destabilization of the world economy. As states Kerry A.Chase, worldwide relations scholars characteristic the breakdown of the world economy into protectionism and opponent exchanging alliances to worldwide causes, for example, authoritative decay, issues of aggregate activity and free riding, or the macroeconomic unsettling influence of the Great Depression (Kerry A. Pursue 2004). We find that the distinctive money alliances of the 1930s had totally different ramifications for exchange. Authentic territory nations exchanged excessively among themselves and with the remainder of the world. Gold alliance individuals, conversely, didn't exchange lopsidedly with each other or with the remainder of the world, mirroring their aimless utilization of levies and portions to prop up progressively exaggerated monetary standards, which killed any improvement got from swapping scale security. Nations applying trade controls, in spite of balancing out their trade rates, exchanged less with each other than their monetary qualities would foresee, because of the exchange hindering impacts of those policies.(Kerry A. Pursue 2004). Additionally, inside the Interwar time frame happened an accident of previous liberal methodologies in economy. The economy end up being inadequate to control itself under another conditions and it at long last prompted government intercession and making of new financial model under the speculations of R.Keynes, or supposed Keynesian upset. He was among first specialists that worried on head contrast of new request and lack of ability of brief rearrangement to it. As he expressed in his Economic Possibilities for our Grandchildren (1930): We are experiencing the developing agonies of over-fast changes, from the excruciating quality of rearrangement between one monetary period and another. The expansion of specialized proficiency has been occurring quicker than we can manage the issue of work ingestion; the improvement in the standard of life has been excessively snappy; the banking and financial arrangement of the world has been keeping the pace of enthusiasm from falling as quick as balance requires. (R.Keynes, 1930).â The war obligations and related issues are additionally continually referenced in the writing. Truly, there were champs and there were failures. The contradictious reparation installment framework came about in make progress toward jusice, which further pre-set conditions for growing into World War II. In any case, were war obligations truly influencing the economy inside the predetermined period? At the finish of World War I, war-related obligations were about $12 billion, a sum more noteworthy than complete U.S. private long haul outside resources, and proportional to maybe 15% of U.S. national pay. Each significant western nation owed something to somebody, however on net a large portion of the war obligations were owed to the United States by France, Great Britain and Italy; these four nations thusly, were to get the vast majority of the installments by Germany on the reparations account. The biggest single net lender was the United States. The biggest single net borrower was Germany. The warmed and protracted monetary discussion about war-related obligations, directed with regards to enthusiastic good and political debates, delivered two unmistakable strains of thought: one was the notable conversation of move; the other, less satisfactorily consolidated into the writing, held that the war-related obligations basically disturbed the global money related framework, conceiv ably began the downturn, and most likely exasperated it. No straightforward, direct line can be drawn, be that as it may, from war-related obligations to world monetary action: installments on war-related obligation were made during the 1920s with no conspicuous unfavorable impact on financial action; installments were dropped during the 1930s with no undeniable valuable impact on financial movement. Likewise, most records of the world sadness place on components other than war-related obligations (H.Fleising), The disappointment of the best quality level was likewise one reason for the world emergency of 1930s. Why? Natalia Chernyshoffa, states that gold had risen as the prevailing financial system of its time and as a powerful ostensible stay. She goes further and expresses: The case was made that it assisted with advancing worldwide exchange and speculation, and the information currently back it up. Little miracle, at that point, that after the rough disturbances of World War One the world tied down again to gold during the 1920s. Shockingly, regardless of its past record for solidness, the reconstituted best quality level fizzled; it is currently for the most part thought to have exacerbated unpredictability and contributed significantly to the Great Depression (N.Chernysheva, 2009). All in all I might want to attract a corresponding to these days. For as long as ten years there were consistent predictions with respect to the so-since quite a while ago anticipated decrease of US authority and superb development of China as another world head. Ongoing emergency made those cases sound stronger, in light of the fact that China is the main nation that kept up near dependability and step by step began transforming into the biggest loan boss. It effectively obtains resources around the world (for the most part vitality sources, however keen on account venture also), assumes increasingly prevailing job in provincial and progressively dynamic job in worldwide associations. With certain disparities, however in any case, we may see the New China similarly as the world saw New US toward the start of XIX century. There are likewise constant discussions in regards to the last rise of brought together Europe, which may eclipse the current US and proposed Chinese strength. Also, there is a keen mix of all recommendations announcing the New Order by the triangular US-Europe-China predominance. The equivalent

Criminal Law and Criminology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Criminal Law and Criminology - Essay Example As might be induced from the above expressed, the subjectivism/objectivism banter viably reflects the existent strain between the standards of deed and equivalent culpability. The objectivist camp accepts that criminal obligation ought to be constrained to what the individual really did, while the subjectivist camp maintains the extension of criminal risk towards the grasp of the individual's perspective. In like manner, the objectivist camp maintains the guideline of deeds and the subjectivist camp that of equivalent culpability.3 The mind boggling nature of winning criminal law lies it that it is neither one nor the other yet looks for the grasp of the two positions. This loans to a few inquiries, all of which consolidate to underscore the discussions characteristic in the law of criminal risk. The first of these inquiries relates to the idea of mens rea. ... According to the objectivist and the subjectivist isolate, there are two responses to this. The first characterize expectation as suggesting that the operator would essentially perpetrate an offense in conveying it out.6 The subsequent reaction expresses that aim should just be required for the lead and the outcome components, however not for the situation components, of criminal attempts.7 (Husak, 1997). Different reactions, intelligent of the objectivism/subjectivism separate, just exacerbate the complexities intrinsic in the assurance of criminal risk inside the setting of the law of endeavors. Disparate translations of the idea of endeavor, as represented in the first section, are dangerous while thinking about the import of endeavor inside the setting of English criminal law. As Lord Goddard kept up in Whybrow [1951]8 expectation [is] the guideline element of the wrongdoing. Indeed, the Criminal Attempts Act of 1981 has exemplified this principle.9 As expressed in the Criminal Attempts Act of 1981, If, with aim to carry out an offense to which this area applies, an individual does a demonstration which is more than just preliminary to the commission of the offense, he is blameworthy of endeavoring to perpetrate the offence.'10 The suggestion here is clear. On the off chance that an individual means to loot a house yet falls flat, he/she will be held subject for proposed burglary and on the off chance that he/she intended to go into a house and slaughter its tenants, however comes up short, he/she will be held blameworthy of endeavored murder. On the off chance that, then again, an individual enters a nursing home with the goal to ransack, while realizing without a doubt that whenever seen by any of the inhabitants, the resultant alert and stun could actuate a cardiovascular failure coming full circle in death, he/she may be held blameworthy of endeavored burglary notwithstanding his/her insight into

How False Memories Are Formed

How False Memories Are Formed Theories Cognitive Psychology Print False Memories and How They Form By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Medically reviewed by on January 27, 2020 Image Source / Getty Images More in Theories Cognitive Psychology Behavioral Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology Most of us like to believe that we have a reasonably good memory. Sure, we might forget where we left our car keys once in a while and of course, we have all forgotten someones name, an important phone number, or maybe even the date of our wedding anniversary. But when it comes to remembering the important things, like a cherished childhood event, our memories are accurate and trustworthy, right? While we might liken our memories to a camera, preserving every moment in perfect detail exactly as it happened, the sad fact is that our memories are more like a collage, pieced together sometimes crudely with the occasional embellishment or even outright fabrication. Recent research has helped demonstrate just how fragile human memory can be. We are frighteningly susceptible to errors, and subtle suggestions can trigger false memories. Surprisingly, people with exceptional memories are still susceptible to making things up without even realizing it. In one famous experiment carried out in 1994, memory expert Elizabeth Loftus was able to get 25 percent of her participants to believe a false memory that they were once lost in a shopping mall as a child. Another 2002 study revealed that half of participants could be led to wrongly believe that they had once taken a hot air balloon ride as a child simply by showing them manipulated photo evidence. Most of the time, these false memories are centered on things that are fairly mundane or inconsequential. Simple, everyday events that have few real consequences. But sometimes these false memories can have serious or even devastating consequences. A false memory relayed during criminal testimony might lead to an innocent person being convicted of a crime. Clearly, false memory has the potential to be a serious problem, but why exactly do these incorrect memories form? Take a Deeper Look Into Human Memory Inaccurate Perception Human perception isnt perfect. Sometimes we see things that arent there and miss obvious things that are right in front of us. In many cases, false memories form because the information is not encoded correctly in the first place. For example, a person might witness an accident but not have a clear view of everything that happened. Recounting the events that occurred can be difficult or even impossible since they did not actually witness all of the details. A persons mind might fill in the gaps by forming memories that did not actually occur. Inference In other cases, old memories and experiences compete with newer information. Sometimes it is old memories that interfere or alter our new memories, and in other instances, new information can make it difficult to remember previously stored information. As we are piecing old information back together, there are sometimes holes or gaps in our memory. Our minds try to fill in the missing spaces, often using current knowledge as well as beliefs or expectations. For example, you can probably distinctly remember where you were and what you were doing during the terrorist attacks of 9/11. While you probably feel like your memories of the event are pretty accurate, there is a very strong chance that your recollections have been influenced by subsequent news coverage and stories about the attacks. This newer information might compete with your existing memories of the event or fill in missing bits of information. Emotions If youve ever tried to recall the details of an emotionally-charged event (e.g., an argument, an accident, a medical emergency), you probably realize that emotions can wreak havoc on your memory. Sometimes strong emotions can make an experience more memorable, but they can sometimes lead to mistaken or untrustworthy memories. Researchers have found that people tend to be more likely to remember events connected to strong emotions, but that the details of such memories are often suspect. Retelling important events can also lead to a false belief in the accuracy of the memory. One 2008 study found that negative emotions, in particular, were more likely to lead to the formation of false memories. Other studies have suggested that this false memory effect has less to do with negative emotions and more to do with arousal levels. A 2007 study found that false memories were significantly more frequent during periods of high arousal than during periods of low arousal, regardless of whether the mood was positive, negative, or neutral. Misinformation Sometimes accurate information gets mixed with incorrect information, which then distorts our memories for events. Loftus has been studying false memories since the 1970s and her work has revealed the serious consequences that misinformation can have on memory. In her studies, participants were shown images of a traffic accident. When questioned about the event after seeing the images, the interviewers included leading questions or misleading information. When the participants were later tested on their memory of the accident, those who had been fed misleading information were more likely to have false memories of the event. The serious potential impact of this misinformation effect can be easily seen in the area of criminal justice, where mistakes can literally mean the difference between life and death. Brainerd and Reyna (2005) suggest that false recollections during the interrogation process are the leading cause of false convictions. Misattribution Have you ever mixed up the details of one story with the details of another? For example, while telling a friend about your last vacation you might mistakenly relate an incident that happened on a vacation you took several years ago. This is an example of how misattribution can form false memories. This might involve combining elements of different events into one cohesive story, misremembering where you obtained a particular piece of information, or even recalling imagined events from your childhood and believing that they are real. Fuzzy Tracing When forming a memory, we dont always focus on the nitty-gritty details and instead remember an overall impression of what happened. Fuzzy trace theory suggests that we sometimes make verbatim traces of events and other times make only gist traces. Verbatim traces are based on the real events as they actually happened, while gist traces are centered on our interpretations of events. How does this explain false memories? Sometimes how we interpret information does not accurately reflect what really happened. These biased interpretations of events can lead to false memories of the original events. Final Thoughts While researchers are still learning more about the mechanisms behind how false memories form, it is clear that false memory is something that can happen to virtually anyone. These memories can range from the trivial to the life-altering, from the mundane to the potentially fatal. Nearly two decades of research on memory distortion leaves no doubt that memory can be altered via suggestion, wrote Loftus and Pickerell in a seminal 1995 article. People can be led to remember their past in different ways, and they even can be led to remember entire events that never actually happened to them. When these sorts of distortions occur, people are sometimes confident in their distorted or false memories, and often go on to describe the pseudomemories in substantial detail. These findings shed light on cases in which false memories are fervently heldâ€"as in when people remember things that are biologically or geographically impossible. The Consequences of False Memories

Essay about To Clone or not to Clone - 1703 Words

Human cloning is an extremely experimental and volatile area of scientific research with dubious and highly unethical results to date. Human cloning should not be performed by any means because it is highly likely it will create living beings not as they are intended to be produced. Rather, the results will be living beings which were created in an unnatural, man-directed way created by human choice. By acting this way, cloning gives people the power to play God. Human cloning generally has three main categories: therapeutic cloning, reproductive cloning and replacement cloning (Cloning Fact Sheet). The process is generally defined as the making of duplicates of biological material through genetic engineering or manipulation. The most†¦show more content†¦Another danger associated with cloning is the serious side effects on the mother carrying the clone. When the embryo is inserted into the mother, the mother has a significantly increased risk of death due to clone related diseases (â€Å"Cloning Fact Sheet†). Yet another danger of human cloning is the breakdown of the human family and its structure. In the situation where a male makes a donation of genetic material to provide a cloned human, the donor would not be a â€Å"father† of the cloned person, rather they would be genetic twins. Though the donor could potentially be much older than the clone, they would not have the family relationship as one would normally hav e in regular, natural reproduction. A more in depth investigation into the main process of cloning through somatic cell nuclear transfer reveals other issues. With this method, one of the most significant issues of cloning is that as the somatic cells divide, the cells age extremely rapidly (Rau). The result is that when the cells actually come together to form a living being, the actual age of the cells are much older than they would be had they progressed naturally and without man’s interference (Hanna). This extreme rate of cell aging can lead to serious issues and uncertainties about the general wellbeing and actual scientific age of the clone when it is born. For example, the first thing to be cloned by a somatic cell nuclear transfer was Dolly the sheep in 1997 (Hanna). WhenShow MoreRelated Clones Essay1441 Words   |  6 Pageswhat will come next, and what technologies will further enhance the world. Science fiction novels and movies are essentially based on the wonder of future technologies. One of the biggest issues in the development of technology is cloning. 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The years between this film and its sequel were spent reenacting the battle with my action figures. Despite my love for that fight, even at my young age I realized the rest of the film wasn’t as good as the climax. The same holds true now, as Attack of the Clones is only marginally better than its predecessor. Set approximately 10Read MoreThe Human Clone Commercial Enterprise1436 Words   |  6 Pages The Human Clone Commercial Enterpriseâ„ ¢ Graduation: the official ending of high school. For some, graduation could not come fast enough. For others, it is the deadline for deciding what to do with his or her lives. Memories of graduation can vary since they can be held at different times of the day. For me, it was early in the morning. Great. I remember I woke up early and got dressed up and waited for my family to be ready. But since it’s my family, it doesn’t matter how fast we go. We are alwaysRead MoreHuman Ipsc Line, 201b7 Clone Essay1134 Words   |  5 Pages1. 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Some say having a school uniform helps to prevent violence and others say it prevents originality. Some also say it’ll help lower or rise the cost for parents. A common argument today is whether or not uniforms should be enforced in the public school system. One main reason public schools have uniforms / dress code is because in 1996, President Clinton allowedRead MoreEssay about Cloning - The Great Human Embryo Clone Hype1638 Words   |  7 PagesThe Great Human Embryo Clone Hype      Ã‚  Ã‚   Abstract: The cloning of human embryos has sparked a major debate worldwide. New cloning methods have surpassed the technology that could only duplicate specified genes or produce offspring from frozen mice and human embryos. Cloning has been used to free would-be sufferers from a particular disease carrying gene. Likewise, out of desire to assist infertile couples and overcome the drawbacks of using in-vitro fertilization, came the newest method of cloning

Wiesel s Experience Of Injustice During The Holocaust

Over the course of eleven years, an approximated eleven million Jews were killed. This catastrophe is commonly know as the Holocaust. The Holocaust began in 1933 when Adolf Hitler came to power in Germany (Rosenberg). Among the few hundred survivors was Elie Wiesel. Wiesel was only fifteen years old when him and his family were deported to a concentration camp. His mother, father and younger sister were all killed within the camp, but Wiesel and his two older sisters were able to survive. After his traumatizing experience, Wiesel stood up for others who were being oppressed. Elie Wiesel fought injustices world-wide through his actions and inspiring messages. Soon after Elie Wiesel was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1986, him and his wife†¦show more content†¦Furthermore, Wiesel did not focus on a specific nationality. Instead, he supported numerous groups that faced hardships. Wiesel was a, â€Å"devoted supporter of Israel...Soviet Jews, Nicaragua’s Miskito Indians, Argentina’s Desaparecidos, Cambodian refugees, the Kurds, victims of famine and genocide in Africa, of apartheid in South Africa, and victims of war in the former Yugoslavia† (â€Å"Elie Wiesel†). Despite his connection to countries who experienced the Holocaust, Wiesel made every oppressed group his priority. In addition, Wiesel and his wife, Marion, have been especially committed to helping Ethiopian-born Israeli youth through The Elie Wiesel Foundation for Humanity’s Best Tzipora Centers for Study and Enrichment (â€Å"Elie Wiesel†). The Beit Tzipora Centers for Study and Enrichment are learning centers in Israel for th e youth of the community. The centers are proven to increase the children’s chance for success in the future (â€Å"Beit Tzipora Centers†). Regardless of Elie Wiesel’s busy schedule, he still manages to devote time to the uncountable groups of people being oppressed. Elie Wiesel’s words have been inspirational to many people throughout the world. On December 10, 1986, Wiesel received the Nobel Peace Prize in Oslo, Norway. In his acceptance speech, Wiesel stated, â€Å"Wherever men or women are persecuted because of their race, religion, or political views, that place must...become the center of the universe† (â€Å"Elie Wiesel - Acceptance Speech†). Elie WieselShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Eliezer Wiesel s Night1480 Words   |  6 PagesEliezer Wiesel is a Nobel-Prize winning writer, teacher and activist known for the novel Night, in which he recounts his experiences surviving the Holocaust. After he was freed from Buchenwald in 1945, Wiesel went on to study at the Sorbonne in France from 1948-1951 and took up journalism, writing for the French and the Israeli publications. His friend, Francois Mauriac encouraged him to write about his experiences in the camps; Wiesel then published in Yiddish the memoir And the World Would Re mainRead MoreThe Muslim Genocide that Took Place in Europe663 Words   |  3 Pagesencourages the tormentor, never the tormented†(Wiesel). Just like Elie Wiesel mentioned, one must never remain silent when such atrocities are occurring. Although there may be times where one feels powerless to injustices there should never be a time where one fails to protest. Silence is the reason for the moral crimes that have happened in history and are still going on to this day. Genocides have always happened because of silence. Just like Elie Wiesel questioned God’s silence in Night, he also questionedRead MoreThe Perils Of Indifference By Elie Wiesel Essay2038 Words   |  9 Pagesaudience that indifference is the reason appalling and horrifying events, such as the Holocaust, occur and why no one takes immediate actions to help the victims. To get his point across, Wiesel uses his own history and experiences so that the audience can visualize the Holocaust through the eyes of a survivor and to project the feelings of hopelessness and defeat that the victims felt when no one came to end the injustice. In this critique, Elie Wiesel’s rhetorical speech of indifference will show itsRead MoreSocial Injustice And The Holocaust989 Words   |  4 Pages Social Injustice Being threatened and killed due to one s belief is unjust and heartless. It shows somethings in a person. It shows that they are below human beings. It shows that they have no care for others besides those closest to them. It is evil, cruel and all in all just not right at all no matter what scenario people find themselves in. This is something called social injustice, or unfair treatment. 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From 1939 to 1945, the Nazi German military systematically kidnapped, tortured and killed millions of Jews in their twisted effort to racially purify Germany. This genocide has come to be known as the Holocaust. During the Holocaust, millions of Jews wereRead MoreA Beam Of Light Through The Darkness1748 Words   |  7 Pages A Beam of Light Through the Darkness The novel â€Å"Night† by Elie Wiesel, a Holocaust survivor, tells the story of Wiesel as a Jewish teenager who studied the Torah and the Cabbala and the rocking of that faith by the events that we now know as the Holocaust. The narrative begins in 1944 in Wiesel’s hometown of Sighet, in Hungarian Transylvania. It tells the story of the Nazi occupation of Hungary and Elie and his family’s, as well as other Jews’Read MoreElie Wiesel : The Survivor Of The Holocaust2445 Words   |  10 Pagesbeing, at some point in time, goes through various troublesome experiences, be it a natural disaster, illness, an abusive relationship, a violent incident, or the loss of a loved one. However, some experiences are more devastating than others. Each survivor has his/her way of coping with the trauma and maintaining sanity. Elie Wiesel, one the survivors of the Holocaust, gives us some insight into dealing with extremely difficult experiences. He spent a year imprisoned in the Auschwitz and BuchenwaldRead MoreEssay on The Challenge of Having Faith in God Today4869 Words   |  20 Pagesright to feel angry toward God for not keeping His promises. God told them that they were His chosen people; but who would feel privileged to be a Jew if being â€Å"chosen† meant having to live through Auschwitz? For many Jews who lived through the Holocaust, their faith in God will never be the same. The question that many of them ask is â€Å"Why?† Why the gas chambers? Why the Jews? â€Å"Why has God apparently forsaken us?† Many survivors feel great anger towards the God of their ancestors, and through

The Odyssey and Propaganda Free Essays

â€Å"Homer’s The Odyssey and Virgil’s Aeneid as Propagandistic Literature† Propaganda is a powerful social tool that influences audiences through manipulation and selective viewpoints and has been witnessed in history as far back as written records exist. It has been used to sanction the rise of new leaders, herald a society and its dominance, and push ideological agendas to audiences of all backgrounds throughout civilizations. The methods that propaganda has been used are numerous and include both written and spoken forms of communication to reach the audience. We will write a custom essay sample on The Odyssey and Propaganda or any similar topic only for you Order Now Literature is not exempt from the use of propaganda and Homer’s The Odyssey and Virgil’s The Aeneid are two historical sources where it can be found. The propaganda seen in these texts share similarities and differences which can be compared and contrasted and include the values of the societies they represent, the destinies of the heroes and what each represents to the society, and how the backgrounds of the creators influence what occurs in the story with emphasis on politics and traditions. The Odyssey shares similar propaganda to The Aeneid, although it is not as immediately apparent given the historical backgrounds that led to the creation of each, in regards to the political and social changes being experienced around the time The Aeneid was written. The type of propaganda that is emphasized in The Odyssey is based around the dominance and traditions of Ancient Greek society and culture, the necessity of honoring the gods and goddesses, and maintaining virtues that are universal throughout society while emphasizing the importance of the individual. It is demonstrated through the journey of Odysseus, which begins with the Trojan War and follows with each adventure that he experiences on his return to Ithaca, ending on a message of the importance of homecoming when he reaches the shores of his island. The dominance of Ancient Greek society is displayed immediately in the backstory of how the Achaeans overcame the city of Troy and won the Trojan War. It emphasizes the intelligence and cunning of the Achaeans through the example of the Trojan Horse which Odysseus thought of that was used to infiltrate the city. That the Greeks would emerge victorious at the end of a en-year siege over a powerful foe demonstrates the strength of the society militarily. Cultural influences that are affected by propaganda in The Odyssey demonstrate the achievements, values, and traditions of Ancient Greece through references to the ideal individual, proper hospitality, and the honoring of the gods and goddesses. The individual in Ancient Greek society was valued as a strong mental and physical person, who displayed cunning and strength, had a silver tongue and demonstrated articulate thoughts through powerful rhetoric, that could handle any challenge while creating an eternal legacy. The ideal individual was also loyal to his family and society, and was dedicated to the values and traditions instilled in them from birth. This is all demonstrated through Odysseus and his actions, from creating the idea of the Trojan Horse and displaying leadership in battle, to outsmarting the cyclops Polyphemus, to having an unfaltering love for his wife Penelope. Proper hospitality is explained through the suitors that have overrun Odysseus’s home, who slaughter his animals, drink his wine, and made themselves unwelcome guests. Homer is able to provide an example of how not to act when a person is a guest in another’s home. Conversely, he demonstrates proper hospitality by using the goatherd as an example when he takes a disguised beggar that is Odysseus into his home. The honoring of the gods and goddesses that were above all mortal men and women was important in the culture of Greek society, and this is demonstrated through the events of The Odyssey, whether it is praying to a god for safety and wellbeing, acting in a way so as not to anger a god such as Poseidon, offering sacrifice to honor the legacy of a god or drinking to the honor of a god to gain their support. Homecoming is the destiny that is attributed to the story of Odysseus and his fate of returning to Ithaca emphasizes the importance of never leaving the place you were born or the ones you love, a value that was important to Ancient Greek society. These are all examples of propaganda that was used in The Odyssey, which was shared through a rich oral tradition that helped instill these ideals and virtues into the core of Ancient Greek society. Unlike The Odyssey, which began as an oral story and then written at a later date, The Aeneid was written from the point of its creation. It originated at a time of political and social change in Roman society, which influenced not only its creation but the characters and story in it. According to the â€Å"Vita Servii [which] states that the writing of the Aeneid had been undertaken at the express proposal of the emperor† (Avery 225). As it was commissioned by Augustus Caesar, this meant that it was rife with propaganda that emphasized the dominance of Roman society, its importance, and its values such as duty and honor. Caesar sought to restore tradition to Rome and remind its citizens of its history at a time when this was important to the continued prosperity of Rome under new rule. Aeneas was used a vessel for examining these functions of propaganda and his journey reinforced these virtues. In effect, Virgil â€Å"draws certain parallels to achieve one of his many political aims-constructing a national identity for Rome as glorious and ancient as that of Greece† (Bell 228). Virgil offered a new perspective on the Trojan War, immediately dispelling the Achaeans as scum for their trickery, which reinforced the dominance of the Trojans. He allowed Aeneas to survive the Trojan War, and used the gods and goddesses that were integral to Roman religion to create a destiny where it was his duty to found Rome and bring about its prominence, despite not being entirely aware that this was his fate. Due to this, Aeneas embodies the ideal Roman citizen, much as Odysseus embodied the ideal Greek individual. He is filled with duty and honor and not giving up in a time of strife, as when he loses his home of Troy. This is compared to the society of Rome at the time of writing, which was under new leadership and government, and emphasized the importance of society remaining strong and prosperous. Duty to the gods was emphasized through Aeneas and his support from Juno, who reminded him that he has to continue on despite finding love in Dido. The importance of Roman society is examined when despite being injured in combat, Aeneas is able to recover due to the interference of Venus, and was gifted a shield that depicted the future of Rome. In the scenes on the shield, Julius Caesar can be seen, as well as the Battle of Actium, and several other key events known at the time of writing to be integral to the history of Rome and all of which would be a direct result of the duty that Aeneas was to serve through his piety. Virgil was effectively able to create a politically driven and supported example of propaganda through his writing of The Aeneid, and the significance of its creation led to a more unified Rome which benefited Augustus Caesar in his rule and cemented Virgil is the annals of history as a great epic poet. Propaganda was a useful tool for both Homer and Virgil, and both men were able to use it in effect to instill and remind the audiences of The Odyssey and The Aeneid of the dominance of the Ancient Greek and Roman societies as well as their values and traditions that remained deeply rooted in each society until the downfall of the respective civilization. Works Cited Avery, William T. â€Å"Augustus and the Aeneid. † The Classical Journal 52. 5 (1957): 225-29. Print. Bell, Kimberly K. â€Å"†Translatio† and the Constructs of a Roman Nation in Virgil’s â€Å"Aeneid†Ã¢â‚¬  Rocky Mountain Review 62. 1 (2008): 11-24. Print. How to cite The Odyssey and Propaganda, Essay examples

Capabilities and Resources of Westfield †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Capabilities and Resources of Westfield. Answer: Capabilities and resources of Westfield Capabilities of Westfield include their global operation. This is due to the reason that according to the reports, Westfield is having their operations in Australia, New Zealand, Italy, Croatia and the United States. Thus, they are already having the experience of entering and operating in new countries. It will be beneficial for them to use these experiences in entering in other foreign markets. Moreover, they are listed under the Australian stock exchange and are publicly traded company. Thus, they are having huge access to the financial resources. Their capabilities also include diverse product areas. According to the reports, Westfield is mainly having their business growth in the fashion and leisure sector. Thus, these sectors will also help them in having their market growth in the proposed host country. SWOT Analysis: Strengths One of the major strengths for Westfield is the positive brand image and established market in Australia. This will help them to take more risks in the host country. The positive brand image of them will help in pushing their brand in the new markets. Another strength of them is having diverse business presence. Thus, it will help them to cater to different business sectors in the target market. This will also reduce their risk in entering in the new markets. Westfield is already having their presence in different countries and thus it will be easier for them to target the new market more effectively. Opportunities Entering in the emerging countries will have more business potentiality for Westfield due to the reason that in the current time, developing economies are witnessing more growth compared to the developed countries. Another probable opportunity for Westfield will be lower cost of operation in the developing countries. This is due to the reason that Westfield will find cheaper resources for their business operation in the developing countries. Thus, the profitability of them will get increased. Prospects for Westfield towards entering the Chinese market China is a highly populated nation in the world. The huge lucrative market of China is great for business opportunity. With the GDP rate of 6.8% in 2017, it is expected to be the fastest growing economies in the coming years (Festing Schfer, 2014). China is always perceived as market growth to provide cheap labor and facilitates in low manufacturing costs. Westfield Group has to bring something unique in the Chinese market otherwise the company will land itself in a passive position. While entering the market with new resources and productivity would lead to provide a major threat to the existing companies (Andersn, Jansson Ljungkvist, 2016). The regulatory bodies of China mostly operate in an opaque way that makes the country too difficult to forecast the regulatory changes. Joint venture is beneficial as the low risk market strategy. The GDP rate of China has been growing recently since the past few years and the growth rate is at 6.8%. (Kozlenkova, Samaha Palmatier, 2014). The existing population of the region also provides a great opportunity for the multinational companies to establish business. This facilitates in providing abundant of human resources to the firm. Westfield Group can enter the Chinese market and expand its business as the China has a favorable business market environment. Cross border economic activities has also increased to a great extent. The literacy rate in China has also increased and majority of the people within the country is literate. Joint Venture will be more beneficial to do business in China (Nyberg et al., 2014). It is the most effective way to enter in the emerging market. The cultural differences between the two countries should be ascertained to maximize profit in the overseas target market. Though the common business language is English still there can be language issue in the market of China. Moreover, legislation policy also varies worldwide, hence Westfield need to investigate the legal policies and adhered to the local laws. References: Andersn, J., Jansson, C., Ljungkvist, T. (2016). Resource Immobility and Sustained Performance: A Systematic Assessment of How Immobility Has Been Considered in Empirical Resource?based Studies.International Journal ofManagement Reviews,18(4), 371-396. Brandon?Jones, E., Squire, B., Autry, C. W., Petersen, K. J. (2014). A contingent resource?based perspective of supply chain resilience and robustness.Journal of Supply Chain Management,50(3), 55-73. Festing, M., Schfer, L. (2014). Generational challenges to talent management: A framework for talent retention based on the psychological-contract perspective.Journal of World Business,49(2), 262-271. Kozlenkova, I. V., Samaha, S. A., Palmatier, R. W. (2014). Resource-based theory in marketing.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,42(1), 1-21. Lin, Y., Wu, L. Y. (2014). Exploring the role of dynamic capabilities in firm performance under the resource-based view framework.Journal of business research,67(3), 407-413. Nyberg, A. J., Moliterno, T. P., Hale Jr, D., Lepak, D. P. (2014). Resource-based perspectives on unit-level human capital: A review and integration.Journal of Management,40(1), 316-346. www.theaustralian.com.au. (2018).Theaustralian.com.au. Retrieved 12 April 2018, from https://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/property/westfield-corporation-to-navigate-retail-storm/news-story/498245965eb0a4e94f61b855d718c8bb

5 Alternate Writing Techniques in English You Havent Heard of

5 Alternate Writing Techniques in English You Havent Heard of 5 Alternate Writing Techniques in English You Havent Heard of Your professor reads through a dozen of papers each time he/she assigns an essay. If you want to get a high grade, you have to ensure that your paper stands out from the rest. How can you do that? If you have mastered the basic writing techniques, here are five more advanced ones that you can use to set yourself apart from the rest. 1. Be Original As often as possible, try to take a unique approach on the topic, offer an original perspective, or use your words in a fresh and interesting way. As your professor sifts through a dozen of papers, he/she does not want to see the same topic many times. Take a creative approach to the assignment that will help you stand out, and you will get a higher grade as a result. Depending on the assignment, you should also write in your own unique voice. For some assignments, you may need to be extremely formal and academic. However, if you have a more creative assignment, use an informative conversational tone. Write the way you would speak to someone you respect and feel comfortable with. Allow your writing to reflect your own personality and your style as well. Writing in such a manner allows you to interact with the audience. 2. Tell a Story If you have a practical, real-life anecdote that is related to the topic you are writing about, it is usually appropriate to tell briefly a story that illustrates your point. Not only this makes your point easier to understand, but it can also be entertaining for the reader. Many writers do not use this technique, so it is one of the ways to set your writing apart. However, make sure that your story is directly related to your paper and is not off topic or unnecessary. Also, get to the point quickly without spending an excessive amount of time on the story. A few sentences are usually enough to entertain the reader and to express your point. 3. Show, Do Not Tell This technique especially applies to creative writing, but it can be used in other types of writings as well. When you are writing, simple telling the reader some information, it is not really effective. It is better to show the reader through details, examples, and evidence. Paint a picture of the information you are trying to explain. In creative writing, this can include using the five senses to make your writing vital. Describe how something looks like, smells, feels, tastes, and sounds to create a vivid image in the reader’s mind. In informational or persuasive writing, such a technique can mean including examples and evidence to support the claims. Instead of saying that Abraham Lincoln is the greatest United States president, show that he is the greatest United States president by providing evidence and giving examples. Instead of saying that you were nervous, talk about your sweaty palms and racing heart. This is one of the best writing techniques in English, and it will surely impress anyone who reads your paper. 4. Use a Call to Action A call to action is better to use in persuasive writing. Such a technique invites your reader to take some sort of action, and it is an excellent item because it engages your audience and involves it in reading your paper. A call to action can be anything that is relevant to your topic. For example, if you just have spent an entire paper convincing readers that every individual is responsible for the health of the planet, you could conclude your essay by encouraging your readers to recycle or conserve water. If you write a persuasive paper about a law that everyone should think about, you can include a call to action advising your readers to call legislators or sign a petition. The call to action should invite the reader to act and make them involved in reading your paper. 5. Use of Figurative Language You have probably heard of figurative language before- this is the language that is used creatively and is not meant to be taken literally. Figurative language includes simile, metaphor, hyperbole, onomatopoeia, and symbolism. You should definitely use figurative language in creative writing, but it can also be an effective technique in informational or persuasive writing. A well-placed metaphor can impress your reader and make your point more beautiful and understandable. Next time you are assigned to write a paper, try using these techniques. Your professor will be surely impressed!

Good sport Essays

Good sport Essays Good sport Essay Good sport Essay Two weeks later Eric met up with Eva again, this time Eric wasnt so drunk but he still went home with her, although this time they did talk, He found out her name and a bit about what had happened. They then made love, but yet again it was lust and not love, I wasnt in love with her or anything- but I liked her, she was a pretty good sport.  After them meeting several times again, Eva announced to Eric that she was pregnant Eric was severely shocked I was in a hell of a state about it. Eric tried to help her out, he gave her some money, stolen money from his dads office. One day while Eric was drunk he let slip to Eva where the money had come from she wouldnt take anymore and refused to see me again. After confessing all to the inspector, it was his mothers turn, but when he found out that Eva had been to visit his mothers committee for help he was astounded and tried to shift the blame of Evas death over to his mother. Then you killed her, she came to you to protect me and you turned her away- yes and you killed her, it almost sounded as if he was trying to convince himself as well as his mother. Eric was left feeling guilty and responsible as though he had caused the whole thing and not just contributed to the sequence of events. : Sheila Birling was a pretty girl in her early twenties, she liked life and was always rather excited.  Before the inspector arrived Sheila was very happy as Gerald (of Croft unlimited) had just announced their engagement and just given her the ring. The family was in the middle of a celebratory drink and Sheila and Gerald were listening to her father speak.  Sheila was in on the discussion between the inspector, Gerald, Arthur and her brother Eric. She was immediately told to run along by her father. Sheila objects to her parents attempts to protect her from the truth and refuses to leave until she is told what was going on. Im not a child dont forget. Ive a right to know. Once the inspector had finished filling her in on the information she was astonished, especially when she heard that her father could be partly responsible for the girls tragic death, She said I cant help thinking about this girl destroying herself so horribly- and I have been so happy tonight, Oh I wish you hadnt told me! What was she like? Quite young  Sheila seemed a very concerned person considering she didnt, as yet, know who was involved. She is impressionable and deeply affected by the inspectors news.  The inspector goes on to tell Sheila that Eva Smith got a job, at Milwards after she was sacked from her fathers factory but after only a couple of months in this new job she was sacked again in January. As soon as the inspector said this to Sheila she asks to see a picture of the girl involved. She looks closely, recognizes it with a stifled sob and runs out. Sheila returned to the room a few moments later and says you knew it was me all the time, didnt you? Sheila explained how she had gone in to try a dress, even though she knew the dress wouldnt suit her. Eva held up the dress and it suited her, she was the right type, just as I was the wrong type. Sheila caught sight of this girl smiling at Miss. Francis as if to say doesnt she look awful. Sheila was instantly jealous of the way Eva looked and so Sheila used all of the power she had to punish the girl because of the way she made her feel. It didnt seem to be a very terrible thing at the time but Sheila did also say that she felt bad about the incident at the time but feels much worse about it now. After Sheila had the girl sacked she changed her name to Daisy Renton. Sheila was also left feeling responsible for what happened, She abused her power in much the same way as her father did but she was also left knowing her fianc was a liar who had another lady on the side, her brother being the illegitimate father of the unborn child and with a very unforgiving mother. Sheila is left knowing she is a vain and spiteful girl.  Sheila wanted the whole affair to be exposed and the truth to be discovered, She was the first to admit her guilt and express regret for her actions, She was open about her brothers drink problem and Alderman Meggartys unpleasant reputation. She acted as the familys conscience and was very critical of her father. Before the inspector enters Mrs. Birling is confident and rather pleased with herself. She thinks that her family is above others especially people in Eva Smiths class. Mrs. Birling is also rather naive and takes offence rather easily.  When the inspector questions her she tries to put across the fact that she is in charge, She puts on her airs and attempts to make out that they are above all this ridicule. Sheila tries to put her in her place, You mustnt try to build up a wall between us and that girl. Mrs. B is always quick to defend her family and remind everyone of her husbands position You know of course that my husband was Lord Mayor only two years ago, and that he is still a magistrate. When faced with the matter of Erics drinking she again denies it It isnt true, you know him Gerald and youre a man, you must know it isnt true. She tells the inspector that her son isnt used to drinking and that hes only a boy which shows us a signal of the shattering of her illusions  The inspector shows Mrs. B a photo of Daisy Renton, s  She tries to say that she hasnt seen the girl before but her face says otherwise. The inspector jogs her memory back to two weeks ago to a meeting at the Brumley Womens Charity Organization to which Daisy Renton went for help. Mrs. B turned Daisy down for help, one of the contributing factors was that instead of the girl using her real name she tried to pass herself off as Mrs. Birling. I think it was simply a piece of gross impertinence, quite deliberate and naturally that was one of the things that prejudiced me against her case  Mrs. B wouldnt take any blame for the girls death, She did, however admit that the girl had been refused, under her influence I didnt like her manner-shed impertinently made use of our name  Daisy Renton had gone to the committee for help because she was pregnant and even knowing this Mrs. B turned her away telling her to go and look for the father of the child, its his responsibility. Mrs. B didnt like the way the girl acted, She was claiming elaborate fine feelings Even when Sybil found out that the girl had been given stolen money by the father she still refused to believe the legitimacy of her story. After all of this, Sybil still believes she had nothing to do with the death If the girls deaths due to anyone then its due to him, meaning the babys father who just happens to be here son! Sybil said that her own conscience was clear because the girl was not a deserving case, she admits that she had used her influence to have Evas application for help refused. She says that Eva only had herself to blame. At the beginning of the play Gerald is a very happy man. He has just proposed to Sheila and she accepted they were celebrating with a small family engagement drink. Gerald wants so much to be a part of their family In fact, I insist upon being one of the family now, Ive been waiting long enough, havent I?  Gerald knows Arthur Birling is a very pompous man so when he is told about Birlings chance of a knighthood he responds Oh-I say- Congratulations.  When the inspector enters and tells them all of Evas suicide he produces a photo of Eva Smith and shows Birling, but when Gerald tries to see it the inspector pulls it away. Gerald is upset and angry by this, Any particular reason why I shouldnt see this girls photograph, inspector?. Gerald gets annoyed by the fact he cant see the photo and doesnt like the inspectors manner,  Getting a bit heavy handed arent you inspector? After all were respectable citizens and not criminals. When the inspector tells them that the girl changed her name from Eva Smith to Daisy Renton Gerald immediately knows who she was. Dyou mind if I give myself a drink Sheila?  When Sheila questions Gerald on Daisy Renton he At first denies knowing her, Why should I know her? but after more persistence from Sheila he admits it, all right I knew her, lets leave it at that. Sheila works out it was more than just friends. Gerald replies  Im sorry Sheila. But it was all over and done with last summer, I hadnt set eyes the girl for at least six months, I dont come into this suicide business. Gerald tries to get Sheila to keep it to herself. Yes- we can keep from him- he has obviously been doing more than hes letting on. The inspector badgers Gerald into telling him about his relationship. He confessed to meeting Sheila at the Palace Bar.  I happened to look in one night after a long dull day, and as the show wasnt very bright I went down into the bar for a drink which was a favorite haunt for the women of the town.  Gerald talks about meeting her, seeing her for the first time,  I hate those hard eyed dough faced women, but then I noticed a girl who looked quite different. She was very pretty- soft brown hair and big dark eyes.

An analysis of the labour market conditions within setting bussiness Essay

An analysis of the labour market conditions within setting bussiness. And a critical reflection on your own internal strengths and weaknesses, as well as the ex - Essay Example Although the features of labour market conditions vary due to market forces, plurastic and regionalistic factors with socio-economic influences, they could be broadly be divided into four main divisions which are as follows: - This market is chiefly constituted of medium and large-scale commercial agricultural activities, including cultivation and distribution of crops. Proprietorship or partnership firms chiefly own them. Most of the workers engaged in the formal rural markets are unskilled and semi-educated and their main activities are in the areas of crops and agricultural produce. This market segment is chiefly indulging in small-scale operations involving self employed persons along with the assistance of unpaid family members. Like formal rural markets, this segment is also characterized by unskilled or semi-skilled labour force who are involved in small-scale activities with low productivity and hence, low level of wages. The main functions in informal rural markets are in the raising of exportable cash crops. This segment consists chiefly of Medium and Large Scale enterprises producing commercial and non-tradable goods using a combination of skilled and semi-skilled workers. They constitute private or state owned enterprises where the wage levels are regulated by the Government and by local state laws. The requirements of Minimum Wages and Allowances and benefits to workmen are also applicable in this segment. Since this market segment is in the regulated area, the workers and staff are protected by the Trade Labour Unions, who play an important role in labour matters, and trade unionism activities are also present in this segment This segment comprises of self-employed professionals in the urbanized sector and represents privately owned enterprises. They are mainly dealing with manufacturing, trading and distribution of non-tradable items and this segment is, more often than not, in the unregulated sector. The wages and job security in these

Domestication of Plants and Animals in Ethiopia Essay

Domestication of Plants and Animals in Ethiopia - Essay Example The area currently referred to as Ethiopia is believed to be among the earliest hosts of economically centered societies. The oldest evidence of hominids comes from this area, suggesting that the time was available to develop such systems. However, as history passed, people were amassing in Ethiopia in parallel to birthing civilizations elsewhere in the world. Consequently, the evolution of domesticating techniques does not have a clear starting point. In Ethiopia, and most other candidate areas for the "cradle of civilization", it is estimated that animals were domesticated first over a period that may range from near 10,000 BC to 3,000 BC. Plant cultivation of this form then became prominent in the period encompassing about 3,000 BC to 2,000 BC. Cattle were among the earliest domestic animals, due to their appeal as a source of meat. Goats provided milk, sheep gave wool, and stronger animals like donkeys and oxen provided transportation, as well as brute force. A wide variety of beasts would eventually be harnessed for human benefit, largely thanks to the presence of many local animal species (Milkias n.p.). The early use of animal labor and the subsequent emergence of domestication is theorized to have played a considerable role in the development of agricultural centers in Ethiopia and other early societies (such as those in the Fertile Crescent). Animals bred for the benefit of humans helped to produce the resource surpluses that drew most people to a limited number of areas, ultimately producing the framework of economies and civilization itself. If animals raised for humanity laid the foundation for social development, then plants, appropriately, allowed civilization to bloom. As early as the 30th century BC, plant domestication became an immediately dominant force in the propagation of Ethiopian communities. At least thirty-six different plant species became the first plants in the area to be grown under control for the traits that most benefit

Brief History Of Hrm Business Essay

Brief History Of Hrm Business Essay Introduction Literature Review In this present world of globalisation, most, if not all the organisations are facing the ever changing challenges of keeping sustainable profitability to be able to survive, particularly in this current economic downturn situation. In all the organisations, one of the major challenges is the need to manage its resources Human resources which are considered as its most valuable assets- . This is where the Human Resource Management (HRM) has its place. Brief History of HRM Before HRM, Personnel Management (PM) saw its debut in the year 1970 and comprised of the activities like recruitment, selection, work conditions, welfare of employees and training and development and employee exit (retrenchment, retiring schemes) Henderson, (2008). It was the only process used by the large organisations in managing its people resources. PM is called the traditional method also called the personnel administration and it plays such role as intermediary between the employer and the employees. Since 1980, HRM evolved from PM and is believed to be new versions of PM by some while others consider that it is a new wine in an old wineskin. However HRM has added functions compared with the PM and is defined as the strategic, integrated and coherent approach to the employment, development and well-being of the people working in organisations. Moreover, HRM is a management that deals with recruiting, selecting, training and developing human resources within an organization. When properly managed, the HRM can contribute a lot in achieving the organizations strategic objectives. Many managers and management theorists believe that HRM is a vital element in the survival and success of the 21st century organisations. Peter Drucker, (1993) refers to the idea that peoples skills, knowledge and creativity are the key resource for economic and organisational success which he called the knowledge-based economy (Henderson, 2008). Definition of Human Resource Management: The HRM is defined as a strategic, integrated and coherent approach to the employment, development and well-being of the people working in organisations (Armstrong and Baron, 2009). The differences between Personnel management and Human Resource Management is that, PM considers people as economic persons who work for money or salary whereas HRM views people as having economic, social and psychological needs. A brief comparison between HRM and PM is given in the following table. Table 1 Functions of HRM The functions of the HRM are split into two parts namely; the Managerial functions and the Operative functions. The emphasis is on the strategic part of the management of people within the organisation. Treating people as assets instead of cost. Adopting the Unitarist approach rather than the pluralist approach (Employee and employer have same interests). Encourage the line managers to apply the HR functions toward their subordinates. The HR manager therefore, faces multiple challenges among which is to ensure, on one hand, that the right employee is recruited and employed for the right job, at the right time and on the other hand, to have a sustainable competitive advantage to ensure that the organisation achieves its strategic aims. Therefore, the HR manager has to set up within the HRM scope, a performance management system that will ensure that the organisation and its employees as well as the individual have the skills to perform and be motivated to contribute in the success of the company. The Performance Management System (PMS) The word Performance basically means the accomplishment, execution, carrying out, working of anything ordered and undertaken (output/outcomes). It is also about the action of doing the work as well as the results achieved (Oxford Online dictionary, 2012). History: There is no full evidence on when formal performance management started but it is said that it began with the emperors of the Wei Dynasty (AD 221 265) where there was an imperial rater who evaluated the performance of the official family. Then it was recorded centuries later a system was established by Ignatius Loyola and the rating of the members of the Jesuit Society was formally done. The Milestones on Performance management are briefly given as follows: First monitoring system evolved from the work of F. Taylor before World War I. Rating of military officers was done in the year 1920s. Merit rating came to the USA UK between 1950s and 1960s. Management by Objective during the 1970s Result oriented system was issued in 1970s as well. The term performance management was first coined in 1970s by Beer and Ruh. However, the process was not accepted until during the latter half of 1980s. (Beer and Ruh, 1976). (Armstrong and Baron, 2005). Definition: According to Armstrong and Baron (1998), Performance Management is both a strategic and an integrated approach to delivering successful results in organizations by improving the performance and developing the capabilities of teams and individuals. PMS can also be defined as the process of taking systematic action to improve organisation, team and individuals performance expectations to be defined and creates the basis for development of organisations and individuals capability (Armstrong and Baron, 2010). The purpose of a PMS is to: Communicate an organisations vision of its objectives to all employees. Set performance targets in departmental and individual levels. Conduct performance appraisal sessions once or twice a year to review the progress of the employees in relation to the targets set. Identify gaps in the training, development as well as establish any reward wherever needed. In this case, the organisation can benefit from the improved skills and competency of its employees because they would have become aware of what is expected from them while moving toward a sustainable profitability. The overall performance of the organisation will then improve and will manage to reach its strategic objectives and gain in competitive advantage. Performance Appraisal (PA) Definition: A performance appraisal or performance review is a review and discussion of an employees performance of assigned duties and responsibilities. PA is sometimes used to refer to PM which is different as PA is only part of the PMS and is used to rate the employee within an organisation. The appraisal is carried out once or twice a year which differs from organisation to organisation. It is based on an evaluation done by the manager with the employee and the results obtained on the employees job performance; not on the employees personality. The appraisal process is a system that an organisation uses to define and measure the skills level of each employee by the manager or supervisor. The result is then reviewed by both the subordinate and the manager to determine whether there is any need to improve on the skills by providing training or to decide whether the employee could be promoted to a higher level if his/her performance is above what was defined initially. The aim is to help the employees improve and in so doing, contribute in the improvement of the organisations performance to meet its strategic objectives. Some History on PA There was quite a lot of research being carried out in the past decades and the main purpose of the research is to minimise the rating errors. In the years 1950 to 1960, have seen the need to use the graphic rating skills which is related to a trait-based evaluation method and other discussions on changing the number of scale points (Peters McCormick, 1966). Other researchers started discussions on behavioural rating during the years 1950s (Flanagan, 1949, 1954). Then the Behaviourally Anchored Rating Scales (BARS) and the Behaviourally Observation Scale (BOS) were developed at a later stage. Many alternative models were proposed and tested until discussions were held on the need to move away from the focus on rating scale to consider the rater particularly, as argued by Landy and Farr (1980). Three broad factors were identified which pertain to the performance rating namely; Job performance of the ratees. Raters biases on the performance. And finally, the measurement error. (Wherry and Bartlett, 1982). (Budworth and Mann, 2011). Other issues with performance appraisal The other issues that could be found may be attributed to one of the following reasons: Appraisal is not done according to a standard or behaviour or even a benchmark. Unreliable human judgement Issue of validity and bias from the appraisers. The difficulty in knowing the contribution of the employee because the appraiser does not know the appraisee well enough (Kinnie and Lowe, 1990:47) for the latter is constantly changing department (Howell and Cameron 1996: 28). External factors like resources, processes, technology, corporate and HR strategy, working environment, external business context and management influencing directly on the employees performance. In order for an organisation to implement a PA system that is suitable for both the management and the employees, it is crucial to use a system which has some of the following features: A system on which all the managers who will be using the system are well trained on and accustomed with. The system which follows the S.M.A.R.T objectives Specific, Measurable, Achievable Relevant and Time bound clear, unambiguous, understandable and challenging to both the managers and the employees. This will prevent frustration, demotivation which may impact on the individuals performance. The PA method used should be transparent, that is, the manager should inform on the contents of the appraisal types to be used before carrying out the appraisal itself. Also, both parties could sign the document after having completed the appraisal if they agree. In the case where an appraiser deliberately alters the rating, this is considered as unfair and the PA system should cater for such injustice (Budford and Mann, 2011). When the PA is completed, the management has to provide feedback to the employees informing them on their respective performance level and whether they have reached the objective set in the previous PA sessions. If any employee is under performing, management should identify the gap and provide for any enhancement program to help the employee to improve. Therefore, the PA which is a continuous process will proceed on and the individual and also the team will benefit from a continuous performance improvement into the future. The organisation will also improve in its performance and will be able to better compete and excel in the business arena. Analysis and Discussion Armstrong and Baron (2005) argued that performance appraisal systems should be seen as being transparent and equitable, providing reporting consistency and regular feedback on performance. The two organisations that were selected are the CIM Global Business and AW Wong Trading Co Ltd. The former is a company which is considered as a large corporate with 320 employees and the latter company is employs 22 people. The company profiles of both companies may be viewed in the Appendix. The Performance Appraisal System at AW Wong Group

Communication †Pizza Essay

Introduction Pizza Hut is based in Wichita, Kansas USA 19581. A woman and her two sons created pizza recipes. From here, a family friend advised the sons to open their own Pizza Parlor. 2. Pizza Hut is one of the flagship brands of Yum! Brands, Inc. , which also has KFC, Taco Bell, A&W and Long John Silver’s under its umbrella. Pizza Hut is the world’s largest pizza chain with over 12,500 restaurants across 91 countries 3. In India, Pizza Hut has 133 restaurants across 34 cities, including Delhi, Mumbai, Bangalore, Chennai, Kolkata, Hyderabad, Pune, and Chandigarh amongst others. Yum!is in the process of opening Pizza Hut restaurants at many more locations to service a larger customer base across the country 4. Borrowing $600 from their mother, the two brothers purchased second-hand equipment and rented a small building on a busy intersection in Wichita, Kansas. The result of their efforts was the first Pizza Hut and the foundation for what would become the largest and the most successful pizza restaurant in the world 5. Pizza Hut franchisees exemplify the entrepreneurial spirit, which launched their system back in 1958. Through interest and initiative, the Pizza Hut system was able to develop new territories in the United States and overseas. Today, franchisees and joint-venture partnerships account for more than half of the Pizza Hut system’s total units. Their development on the international front is a good indication of the growth that has characterized their system. Following the opening of the first international restaurant in Canada in 1968, the Pizza Hut restaurants quickly appeared in Mexico, South America, Australia, Europe, the Far East and Africa. Today, Pizza Hut operates in more than 100 countries and territories throughout the world 6. When Pizza Hut opened its outlet in Baroda, Gujarat they firstly thought that they should make a new pizza to the recipe of the local style in order to attract the local population. g They decided to provide the pizza according to the customer’s taste of choice7. This essay aims to answering the following question: â€Å"Should Pizza Hut open a new outlet in Baroda? † 1. http://www. pizzahut. com/OurStory. aspx 2. http://www. pizzahut. com/OurStory. aspx 3. http://220. 226. 195. 78/pizzahut. co. in/about_us. php 4. http://220. 226. 195. 78/pizzahut. co. in/about_us.php 5. http://www. pizzahut. com/OurStory. aspx 6. http://www. pizzahut. com/OurStory. aspx 7. (Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview RESEARCH QUESTION Pizza Hut is an established brand all over India. To increase the growth of the new outlet, Pizza Hut recently set up a new market research on the outskirts of Baroda with the investment of __ Basically, Pizza Hut firms in India send Managers to spread proper awareness about their new outlet among the customers through different types of advertising and keep the customers informed about their advancements in current outlets 10. Commercially, I expect that the opening of the new branch will lead to an increase in sales in Baroda, Gujarat, and could increase the market share of Pizza Hut. For this reason, they want to be able to successfully market their new firm when it is commercially launched. As previously mentioned, to increase its growth and successfully market their upcoming outlet, Pizza Hut has been reviewing various promotion strategies like price reduction, to increase the price in their marketing budget and increase in number of staffs 11. So increasing the production by opening the new outlet and to increase the number of staff to work in both of the outlets is a strategy that Pizza Hut is strongly considering in order to increase their growth in the domestic market 12. 8. (Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview 9. (Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview 10. (Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview 11. (Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview THEORETICAL FRAME WORK The Growth of a business can be measured in many different ways such as assets, sales revenue, operating profit, market share, value added, and number of employees 13. As information of pizzas is involved, Pizza Hut believes that what they bring new in the market is not compared with any of the products of any another firm which is selling pizza’s14. I commercially expect that the opening of the new firm will lead to increase in sales in Baroda, Gujarat, and could increase the market share of Pizza Hut. Due to this, they want to be able to successfully market their new firm when it is commercially launched. Pizza Hut aims to convince the customers to set down their new business, (target market) 15. The other promotional method used by Pizza Hut and to spread the awareness about their new outlet is to do market research. I did the market research for Pizza Hut so that they can locate their new outlet where there are more potential consumers. High income group was also asked about the opening of a new outlet, before it is brought up in the market. Pizza Hut believes that the methods used to research on opening a new outlet take hold of the attention of the customers for long time, so that they can visit the outlet frequently16. For reasons mentioned above, growth is widely regarded as the most favorable method to increase the profit level. 12. http://www. tutor2u.net/business/presentations/strategy/businessgrowth/default. html 13. (Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview 14. _________ 15. (Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview 16. (Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview METHODOLOGY To reach a suitable conclusion, an in-depth qualitative and quantitative analysis shall be conducted by using different business tools to the primary data as well as the secondary data collected. The primary data contains the interview of the Manager of the Pizza Hut outlet which already exists, the opinion of the customers who visit the exiting outlet and a few other people. Market research: This will contain the content of the market research and what it entails. This was conducted by me. Analysis of market research: This will contain the graph and an explanation about how many people will visit the new outlet (assumption) from the old outlets daily earning. Swot analysis: This will contain the strength, weakness, opportunity, and threats of the business for opening the new outlet. Ansoff’s matrix: A model which identifies growth strategies for a business and it is based on an analysis of their products and their market. Pest-g: This will identify the political, economical, social and technological, as well as the environmental problem of the firm. Cost analysis: Cost analysis will be conducted to find out the quantifiable and unquantifiable cost involved in increasing the personal selling. MARKET RESEARCH Market research is the collection, collation and analysis of the data relating to the marketing and consumption of the goods and the services18. Market research helps in opening the new outlet, tells us were we stand in the market and how we can improve. How many times does the customer visit Pizza Hut? Group of people |More than once a week |Once a week |Fortnight |Monthly or less | |Family |04 |20 |45 |25 | |College students |35 |50 |36 |19 | |Above 50 |00 |05 |36 |30 | |Teenagers |40 |45 |26 |17 | (18) Here the market research data is organized according to age group. |Market research done of the location |Yes |No | | |(%) |(%) | |Sayajigunj |66 |34 | |Karelibaug |68 |32 | [pic] Here I have conducted the market research for the two different areas and I have come to a conclusion that in Karelibaug there are 90% of people saying yes to open the new outlet 20. This is due to one outlet of Pizza Hut not providing delivery services to distant areas21. So if it is in that area then many people can visit the outlet and this will give more profit to Pizza Hut. As people from Fathegunj, Sayajigunj, city area and Karelibaug can visit as it will be nearer to them 22. 17. market research done by interviewing different people 18. business studies book by Dave hall pg 147 19. interviewing different age group of people 20. People gave reason that why in these two areas. 21. Told by the people staying in that area. ANALYSIS OF THE PRIMARY DATA The finding of the market research which I have done for Pizza Hut will be analyzed to identify specific market attributes such as the manner in which the customer will respond more. In addition to this, it will identify important information such as the effectiveness of the market research results given by the customers will be discovered. From this data, it will be possible to judge the weaknesses of Pizza Hut. Recommendations will then be made by me on methods which Pizza Hut can adopt to overcome these weaknesses. Once Pizza Hut overcomes these weaknesses, it will have a better chance to successfully market their new outlet, and at the same time increase the sales from their current outlet. The graph below compares the frequency of teenagers who visit Pizza Hut as opposed to college students. [pic] 22 The ratio of college student is more than teenagers23. This means that on an average, college students visit Pizza Hut more compared to the teenagers. This graph tells us how many families and those above 50 wish to go to Pizza Hut. [pic]24 22. market research done by interviewing different people 23. (Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview 24. market research done by interviewing different people SWOT ANALYSIS Swot analysis: swot analysis is an analysis of the internal strength and weaknesses and the external threats and opportunities that Pizza Hut faces. The swot analyses will illustrates how the external opportunities and the threats can be matched with the Pizza Hut’s internal strength and weaknesses to result in a set of possible strategic alternative. This would identify Pizza Hut’s distinctive competencies and the opportunities that the Pizza Hut is not currently taking a due to lack of appropriate resources swot means : S-strength W-weaknesses O- Opportunities T-threats Strength(S): these are the things which I observed, Pizza Hut and their staff do and which is the strength for them: They are well known for their pizzas 26. They provide good quality, taste and quick service 27. Their good service; grooming, cleanliness, and good interaction with the customers make customers want to visit them again 28. Due to their good taste and grooming, the other domestic pizza outlets try to compete and learn from Pizza Hut 29. Reputed brand, market excepted very easily, Due to the above, Pizza Hut makes good profit30. Pizza Hut has the ability to provide it’s customers with deals, offers and specials so that they can save money and get more value. This is a strength for the organization as it makes customers purchase more while receiving more value for their money. Customers use these vouchers and specials when ordering in bulk or for everyday orders. Weaknesses (W): these are the things which I observed and Pizza Hut does poorly and in which they can be affected are: During the weekends, Pizza Hut is full of customers, during that time the service is poor 31. There is little to no place for the people to sit who are waiting to be seated32. Availability of other multinational outlets like Mac Donald and Dominos will be the competitors of Pizza Hut too. 33 Opportunities (O): the directions which the business could take in future like: By opening a new outlet there will be an opportunity for growth of the business and development for employees34. If a person was previously employed by Pizza Hut and has passed the Pizza Hut course with the appropriate certificate, then they are able to receive double their salary35. Pizza Hut is a branded and a multi-national chain, therefore it allows staff salaries to be double that which is offered to other staff in other company’s36. Threats (T): the threats to a business arise from the activity of the competitors and failing to take opportunities like: Pizza Inn is the domestic pizza outlet in Baroda; both of them are doing very good profit-wise therefore Pizza Inn is a threat for Pizza Hut37. Pizza Inn is a well-known organization to the Baroda community as it also provides good quality and taste and this is a threat to Pizza Hut as this is one of Pizza Hut’s strengths. 25. business studies book by Dave hall pg 38 26. http://www. tutor2u. net/business/strategy/SWOT_analysis. htm 27. (Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview 28. (Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview 29. (Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview 30. (Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview 31. (Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview 32. (Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview 33. (Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview 34. interview taken while doing market research 35. (Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview 36. (Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview 37. (Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview 38. (Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview THE ANSOFFS MATRIX The ansoff matrix: The Ansoff Growth matrix is a tool that helps businesses decide their product and market growth strategy38. Ansoff’s matrix will allow the firm to consider the alternatives open to it for entering a new market or entering new product into the market39. Product | |Existing |New | |Existing |Market penetration |Product development | |New |Market development |diversification | Market Market penetration: market penetration is used to achieve the growth in the existing market with the existing product40. Market penetration uses the marketing mix to push the product which is gaining as much as market share and as quickly as possible41. Market penetration seeks to achieve four main objectives: Increase usage by existing customers, maintain or increase the market share of current products42. Pizza Hut is the branded outlet so that people use the substitute outlet less (Pizza Inn, u s pizza, Uncle Sam’s Pizza, and Dominos). Pizza Hut encourages customers to use their outlet more regularly by providing new taste to the customers43. Product development: this is concerned with marketing new or modified products in the market for the customers 44 like: Normal pizzas intend to act as a replacement for the new product which will be introduced45. Market development: this involves the marketing of the existing product in the new market such as: As Pizza Hut has one outlet already in the market, they will open a new outlet in Baroda but in a different area. They will introduce some new products when they open their new outlet. However, they will need to continue the marketing of their old and classic products along with the new products46. Diversification: this will occur when the product is developed for the new market. Diversification allows a business to move away from the trust upon the present market and product47. 38http://www. tutor2u. net/business/strategy/ansoff_matrix.htm 39oxford study course book by jo toy pg 32 39. http://www. tutor2u. net/business/strategy/ansoff_matrix. htm 40. business studies book by Dave hall pg 239 41. oxford study course book by jo toy pg 32 42. http://www. tutor2u. net/business/strategy/ansoff_matrix. htm 43. (Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview 44. (Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview 45. Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview 46. business studies book by Dave hall pg 239 PEST –G ANALYSIS Pest g: this will look at the external environment and the global factors that may or will affect a business. It can provide a quick and visual representation. It is usually divided into five external influences on a business-political, economic, social, and technological and green46. Political: this is concerned with how political developments, regionally, nationally and internationally might affect a business’s strategy47. Political development is not so relevant in this instance as Pizza Hut has an existing established branch which is not affected by this external factor, the political issues are not so important because they do have the outlet in India and Baroda. For opening the new outlet government factors are not important as it already has opened one outlet48. Economic: this might include the analysis of a variety of economic factors and their effect on business they include: consumer activity, economic variable, government policy, the effect of change in product and labor markets49. Pizza Hut’s outlet which is Baroda, Gujarat – has competitors in Baroda, Gujarat50 however, these are not Pizza Hut branches – they are other competitors such as Dominos and Pizza Inn. These have an economic external influence as it affects the consumer activity as customers may prefer to go to Dominos if there is better service, quality and price offered. The new place suggested trough market research, there mainly the people with their families and above 30 will visit. It is not that the youth’s wont visit but there are less youth’s in that area compare to the area where the current Pizza Hut is located. Social: how is Pizza Hut affected socially? It is not likely that Pizza Hut will be affected socially as each age group visit’s Pizza Hut51. Due to the location of the old Pizza Hut site (located near commercial places) it attracts a lot variety of consumers. The new site will be located in a suburb where there are families therefore the market will be families. When a whole family eats a meal at Pizza Hut, they tend to splurge on extras such as drinks and sides. This is positive for the organization in terms of profit. However, in Karelibaug, families won’t come daily or once a week to have pizza’s so it can be affected socially. Generally in the new outlet older segment people will visite. Technological: Businesses operate in a world of rapid technological change. The organization needs to regularly review the impact of new technologies upon their activities. The product can become old-fashioned quickly. The production method can become out of date52. Pizza Hut looks that how they are different from other firms such as Pizza Inn, Domino’s pizza, us pizza and many other domestic outlets for pizza’s. Even Mac Donald’s is a competitor. One technological factor which could effect the environment is how Pizza Hut creates its products such as the production line in which a pizza is made. 47. business studies book by Dave hall pg 38 48. business studies book by Dave hall pg 38 49. (Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview 50. business studies book by Dave hall pg 38 51. (Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview 52. (Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview. 53. business studies book by Dave hall pg 38 COST ANALYSIS Cost analysis is currently a some what controversial set of methods in program of evaluation one reason for the controversy is that these terms cover a wide range of method, but are often used interchangeably. There are two types of cost associated with hiring new place. They are fixed cost and variable cost. Both these cot will be identified to check the financial growth of the undergoing new outlet. Both are classified as below: Fixed cost Hiring charges foe the new place Salary of the staff Minimum hiring charges of telephone. Variable cost Production cost Office usage Approximately amount of profit for the new outlet May by through which you will be able to fine out pbit (profit before interest and tax), pbt (profit before tax), pat (profit after tax). | | |Per month |Per annum | |Sales | |1350 |16200 | |- variable | |60 |720 | | |contribution |1290 |15480 | |- fixed cost | |45 |540 | | |PBIT |1245 |14940 | |- interest | |78 |940 | | |PBT |1167 |14000 | |- tax | |350 |4200 | | |PAT |817 |9800 | 55 From the above assumption we can conclude that profit on pbit is approximately equals to 65. 60% |1260 |720 | |100 |? | |= 57. 14 | This is the variable cost |1260 |540 | |100 |? | |= 42. 58 | And this is the fixed cost. Variable cost of new outlet is higher than its fixed cost about 14. 12. Contribution of new outlet is about 96% which can be calculated by following formula: |Sales |contribution | |16200 |15480 | |100 |? | |= 96 | 56 Variable cost depends upon number of units of new outlet but the fixed cost is fixed. Cost may also be defined in different class For example: production cost office cost selling and distribution cost We can include raw material cost for the pizza’s and service cost for the pizzas. In production cost all the administration expense and legal and professional charges in office expense. We can bifurcate the transportation of the delivery man and advertisement expenses as selling and distribution charges. Selling and distribution charges can depend on number of unit sold and cost up till cost of goods sold always depends on goods sold57. 55. (Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview 56. (Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview 57. (Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview INVESTMENT APPRAISAL Investment appraisal is the evaluation of an investment project to determine whether or not it is likely to be worthwhile. It is essential to appraise the investment Pizza Hut will undertake and to establish weather it is going to be beneficial. Below are the techniques, which will assist appraising the investment: †¢ Pay back period and †¢ Net present value Pay back period This technique assesses the number of years it will take foe the Pizza Hut to recover all their initial costs. This is a very simple tool as it ignores most of the costs the firm would incur due to opening a new outlet. The cash flow is also an approximate estimate when there are too many variable then Pizza Hut cannot control. They assume that they have more customers and 10% more profit throughout the year than what they had the previous year. There were a few assumptions made for the cash flow. These were that the machine they used to make pizza’s worked at 100% capacity and all products were sold. |Pay back period for the new outlet | |Year |Net cash flow | |0 |-10,00,000 | |1 |2,00,000 | |2 |6,00,000 | |3 |3,00,000 | |3,00,000 |12 months | |2,00,000 |? | |= 8 months | You can get 2,00,000 in 8 months so our net pay back period for investing RS 10,00,000 in new outlet is 2 years and 8 months. Analysis of pay back period. The pay back technique has shown us that it takes 2 years and 8 months to pay back for the new outlet. However, we learn form the market research and swot analysis that there are mainly people above 35 hence it would be smarter from them to do some thing which might attract the youth from other areas and influence them to visit that outlet too. Net present value Net present value incorporates the principle of time value of money by converting payments at different times to the equivalent values at the common reference time. The discount factor used is 4% as the interest they could have got from the bank currently is 4%. I then did NVP. |Year |Net cash flow |Discount factor 4$ |Present value | |0 |-10,00,000 |1 |10,00,000 | |1 |2,00,000 |0. 9615 |1,92,300 | |2 |6,00,000 |0. 9246 |5,54,760 | |3 |3,00,000 |0. 8890 |2,66,700 | Analysis of net present value The new outlet will generate ____ amount after 5 years. ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGES To effectively deal with the increase in the growth by expansion, it is necessary for there to be some internal changes. It is very necessary that the staff’s grooming should be done properly, so that they can serve the customers in a professional manner. When they open their second outlet from a single, Pizza Hut will have to keep some one on whom they can trust and can rely on and they have to shift a few staff from the present one to the opening one. As they opening a new outlet, they are turning from one into two outlets. Due to this the position of many of the staff’s have been will be changed. This change does not affect their work, they have an effective communication channels among the employees. This could be in the form of giving the staff a proper atmosphere in which they can settle easily, the changes in the outlet and the goals that the Pizza Hut wants to attain. RECOMMENDATION Starting up the new outlet, initially it will not give them that much profit but it will definitely give some. For this: 1. Pizza Hut should shift few of their staff and of course one of the leader to supervise from the existing outlet to the one which will open in the near future. 2. They should appoint few new staff for the existing outlet and also foe the future’s outlet so that the one who are new in the new outlet can get t know more from their seniors who are shifted from the existing business. 3. For marketing about their new outlet they should restructure they method in which the do the marketing. 4. The market research was done on few people in Baroda, Gujarat, and not in the whole of Baroda. So the extensive market research needs to be conducted across the whole Baroda, Gujarat to get the proper kind of information about the location. CONCULSION The report shows that Pizza Hut should pen the new outlet in Baroda, Gujarat, India. If Pizza Hut increases their staff, then it would be in a better position to serve the customers and if they shift few of their trained staff and give training to the new staff to whom they are going to appoint then they would also be in the better position. They should also shift one of the managers to the new outlet so that in case if any problem occurs then they will be able to handle it. The financial aspects of the undertaking are not the problem for the Pizza Hut as it is in a strong financial stage. But the recruitment of the new staff cold affects the staffs. The environment and the working portfolio of the staffs will be changed as Pizza Hut will reconstruct the marketing set-up. So before employing the new staff Pizza Hut should let the old staff settle into their working environment. As previously said, the personal interview were only conducted in Gujarat, and the result of this only represented he view of customers from Gujarat. Hence, the further market research needs to be done to get a broader perspective on this study. The indirect costs associated with the undertaking the project will have to ascertain. As previously mentioned, one indirect cost is that a large recruitment could lead to a decrease in the motivation of the existing staffs. Other indirect cost could be in the form of the training program for the new recruits to a specialist company, so that it is done efficiently. If the new recruits do their job well, serve the customers in the proper way, follow the training properly, are groomed very well and give the best service then this would motivate the customers to visit them again. `Graph showing the frequency of visits to Pizza Hut by college students and teenagers 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 More than once a week Once a week Fortnight Monthly or less time period College students Teenagers graph showing the frequency of visit to Pizza Hut by families and people above 50 0 10 20 30 40 50 More than once a week Once a week Fortnight Monthly or less time period Family Above 50.