Prostate Cancer Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Prostate Cancer - Annotated Bibliography ExampleThe article goes further to suggest that tangible activities are crucial at this point because they improve ones psychological and physical well being. In addition, a physical activity intervened emotional state style slows or reverses a declined quality of life. This debate suggests that no research so far has ever attempted to evaluate an improvement multiple QOL domain discussion in prostate cancer patients under androgen ablation therapy. The study used a randomized control trial design for active life after cancer to evaluate the efficiency of physical activities interventions in the improvement of QOL of patients under this therapy. In addition, a group of lifestyle program of a 6 month behavioral skill training group was compared to a standard care and educational support program. The objective of this study was to present baseline schooling that would exemplify the QOL of the chosen sample. The findings indicated that marr ied participants were less psychologically distressed as compared to those who were unmarried. The limitation to the study was that the researchers experienced challenges in recruiting the participants. This study is relevant to the case study presented because Massri needs to perform more physical activities in addition to his golf to improve his health status. He is lucky to be married to Aziza, hence he is likely to be less psychologically and physically distressed.Hoyt, M.A., Stanton, A.L., Bower, J.E., KaMala S. T., Litwin, M.S., Breen, E.C. & Irwin, M.R. (2013). Inflammatory biomarkers and emotional approach coping in men with prostate cancer. Brain, Behavior and Immunity, 32, 173-179. doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2013.04.008The objective of the to a higher place article was to establish whether emotion coping is connected with psychological and physical health outcome improvement. The study was specific to prostate cancer related stressors in comparison with previous research, whic h was characterized

Lawrence of Arabia Write Up Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Lawrence of Arabia Write Up - Essay Exampletes, History precisely offers a clearer case of a man born for a mission, of a life moving along a path pointed out by fate-even though twists in its course may have hid the direction.(Hart, 1989, p, 3) In this article, the issues and incidents relating to the meritorious rise of Lawrence from a helping hand in the Military Headquarters of British, to an extraordinary leader, who direct by example, is discussed. Apart from his military adventures, the account of his skilful role as a negotiator for the Arab interests with the Western Powers is also given. This man was appreciated by no less a person than Sir Winston Churchill, the then Prime Minister of Great Britain. He possessed excellent literary skills.The synopsis of the story goes thus. Lawrence is content to holler him an ordinary man, but all extraordinary personalities are modest in saying thus about themselves. Born in Tremadoc, Wales, in 1888, doubting Thomas Edward - known as Ned - was the second of five illegitimate boys. Sir Thomas Chapman fell in love with the family governess, Sarah Junner, left his first marriage, took a new name of Lawrence and remained unwed. teach, he said later, was an irrelevant and time-wasting nuisance, which I hated and condemned.(Hart, 1989, p, 4)He appreciated the practical life and remained ever ready to face its harsh realities. Lawrence family settled in Oxford, and present Ned got the opportunity to go to school and university. As a youth his latent love for history and travel found outward manifestation, and he took fascination to research castles and old churches. A study trip took him to Syria, where he walked over a thousand miles. He studied remote Crusader castles. After graduation, he resolved to become an archaeologist. His thesis for his finals was The Influence of the Crusades on European Military Architecture - to the end of the XII century.He arrived to the Middle East, to work in an excavation grade in Carchemish from 1910-1914, in northern part

Mrs. Dalloway Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Mrs. Dalloway - Essay ExampleLove, literature and life are shown to be inextricably linked in concert in this novel written by a woman who was born in a literary family, whose house was a haven for the artistically inclined, and who wed a man of earn. In Mrs Dalloway, Septimus Warren Smith, Clarissa Dalloway, turncock Walsh and Sally Seton are, despite all their tribulations, amply rewarded by their love of letters. Although Richard Dalloway is no reader, his patent love for his wife and his concern for her onetime suitor, emphasizes his humanity and redeems his soul. Characters like Sir William Bradshaw, Lady Bruton and Hugh Whitbread, for all their material prosperity are seen to lack spiritual grace because they, at best, do no more than try to manipulate language for their own ends.At the opening of the novel, Clarissa Dalloway takes upon herself the task of buying flowers for the party at her house because the servants would have plenty on their hands. It is a beautiful June morning- fresh as if issued to children on a beach(5) and Clarissas thoughts flow back to the time when she was eighteen and perhaps in love with Peter Walsh who was in love with herMusing among the vegetables--was that it--I prefer... , she forgot which, for his letters were awfully dull it was his sayings one remembered his eyes, his pocket-knife, his smile, his grumpiness and, when millions of things had utterly vanished--how strange it was--a few sayings like this about cabbages. (5-6)It had been fabricated at the time that Peter would write-that he would go on to be a writer-but he cheerfully reveals to Sally Seton at the end of the novel that he had written Not a word (207). However, he had always been a good and judicious reader, and a good and judicious critic of life and letters and men and women, as well as an excellent conversationalist. It was his private grief that, because Clarissa had rejected him, he had fallen for all the wrong women and made a jam of his life, b ut even so, at the end of the novel, the very sight of Clarissa from afar fills him with extraordinary excitement (215).One character who seems to live more in the reverend world of letters than in the real world of life is the relatively young Septimus Warren Smith whose noble mind has been broken by the destruction of a beloved friend at his side in the war. The world fills him with apprehension, and empathetically we feel, rightly so Septimus Warren Smith, aged about thirty, pale-faced, beak-nosed, wearing chocolate-brown shoes and a shabby overcoat, with hazel eyes which had that look of apprehension in them which makes complete strangers apprehensive too. The world has raised its whip where will it condescend (17)Septimus lives in a world of his own populated by his own anxieties and fears and by the voices and sounds that speak to him and to him only, and which he feels compelled to recordMen must not prove down trees. There is a God. (He noted such revelations on the bac ks of envelopes.) Change the world. No one kills

Stem Cell Research Legislation Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Stem Cell Legislation - Research Paper ExampleBy mid 2000s, galore(postnominal) states equivalent New Jersey allowed military personnel cloning for for developing and harvesting stem cells from humans. However, others like Indiana and Michigan amended laws that prohibited human conceptus creation or destruction for purposes of medical inquiry (Vestal and Writer 2008). During his second term, in 2006, Bush for the first of all time used his presidential veto on Enhancement spot of Stem Cell Research, but it was not enacted into law. Chris Smith, a Jersey relative man, wrote the 2005 Research Act on Stem Cell Therapeutic, with any(prenominal) narrow exceptions, and President Bush signed it into law. When Obama took over as the US president, he removed federal funding restriction, which Bush had passed in 2001 and this only allowed 21 cell lines funding which had already been created. Contrary, the Dickey Budget Amendment in the 2009 Act on Omnibus Appropriations still bans fund ing by federal for creation of unseasoned cell lines. This means that the federal government can only fund research that uses hundreds of lines created by private and public funds The Presidents Council (2005). scientific Background Stem cells are found in many multicellular organisms for example hematopoietic stem cells that are multipotent and give rise to consanguinity lineage cells. Embryonic stem cells differ from multi potent stem cells in that, they are pluripotent and hence are able to provide all body cells. The first embryonic stem cells in humans were isolated in 1998, but 1981, they had been isolated in mice (John and Joe, 2007). The cell therapy on stem cells is called stem cell treatments, which make new cells into bodies of humans for possible cancer, diabetes, and somatic cells treatment as well as other medical conditions. Stem cells might also be useable in cloning and they have also been used in repair of tissues that have been damaged by diseases (Neel and Si lberner2008). After fertilization, according to John and Joe, (2007) a research conducted at the university of Wake Forest indicated that amniotic fluid sperm cells donated by pregnant mothers hold similar promise like embryonic stem cells. under President Bill Clintons administration, NIH, in 2000 issued federal funding guidelines for embryonic stem cell research (John and Joe, 2007). Stem Cell Research Enhancement Act This was the name given to two similar bills that that passed through the house of senate and representatives in United States. President Bush vetoed the two bills but was not signed into law. regardless of their names, they hence remained as bills and not act. Act of 2005 was the first one to be vetoed by President Bush after five years of his inauguration. The bill however did not allow stem cell research to be funded by the federal government. If it was passed, it would have allowed new lines of stem cell research gotten from human embryos, which had been cast out and be created for treatments of fertility. The 2007 Act proposed federal legislation that could amend the act of public health service to provide for stem cell research on human embryos. In April 2007, the bill was passed in the senate and the house by June. The 2009 act triggered more concerns on whether to enact the bill into law but was later passed by the congress in 2009. Stem Cell Research Legislation Stem cell research offers a positive to promise to the cure of certain deadly diseases like cancer and diabetes. Kirk, the Illinois republican says that it is

Question 2. Standardized Testing of Students Essay

Question 2. Standardized Testing of Students - Essay ExampleWithout a doubt, this uniform and consistent agreement of assessment has now change state an indispensable and requisite part of most of the schools, colleges and universities all over the globe. These educational institutions consequently, spend millions of dollars every twelve months on this administration wide testing of their students to judge them in all possible aspects and assist them in overcoming their faults and flaws (Sacks, 12). Initially there were only a few educational institutions that were adopting the special(a) standardized system of assessments (Heller, 152). However with the rapid pace of time and the excessive competitiveness in the world a number of agencies have been real that argon conducting these tests. Some of the most prominent evaluation agencies of the world argon named as the subject Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), Educational Testing Service (ETC), National Council on Educat ional Standards and Testing (NCEST) and many more widespread all over the world. These agencies have great expertise in their tasks and are highly sea captain in conducting the testing methods and practices. This standardized system of evaluating the students was basically introduced for the purpose of shaping the learners so that they get pretty much suitable for the remediation. In addition, this system has therefore gained so much in popularity that renowned educational institutions have started adopting this system. The condition behind this excessive adaptation is the fact that people have widely developed so much trust factor on these testing service agencies. The trust factor is developed because these agencies are well reputed, rated and most importantly cognize for their unbiased attitude. They treat all students with complete justice and make sure that no unbiased practice exists within their system. Thus all this results in a positive outcome that all the students are objectively judged and evaluated that ultimately institute them a hand to improve on their mistakes. No matter these testing systems are really authentic and bonafide but the question arises that, why do the school, colleges and universities pay so much to get these external services rather than conducting the tests within their management. The reason behind this statement is that these agencies not simply conduct the evaluative assessments but also provide countless benefits to the institutes that hire these agencies. Some major pros of these standardized tests potty be highlighted as they are greatly efficient and effective to provide two most important sources of entropy. These information sources that include the standardized system goat bring into play as to weigh up the students potential, capability, competence and aptitude towards his or her studies. In turn all these evaluations will lend a hand to the student and institute in order to endow with enhanced or improved te aching, responsibility, and the control (Hamilton et al, 3). Moreover, it also encompasses the piece of evidence that this information can even be used in order to make a number of important and imperative decisions. In addition, the overall focus of these concordant and uniform tests revolve around her universal and collective nature. It is devised or proposed to the students in a common mode for the reason that the management and admin do not become erratic or capricious in reflecting the complete performance of the students. Thus, all these controlled and calculative variables escort to an

Kant Moral Ethics Essay Example for Free

Kant Moral Ethics EssayImmanuel Kants moral theory can be best explained by comparing it to a math equation. Kants moral governing body will always hold true no matter what the circumstance just like how two plus two will always equalise four. According to Kant, our lives should be lived according to dictums that can be willed into universal law (Kant, Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysic of Morals, p 303). However the betion regarding a moral decision is non judged by the consequences of that action, rather by the motive of that action. Kants the method of moral reasoning starts off by first realizing the principle the sharp agent is acting under.To richly understand what this means, a rational agent is to be defined as an entity who is cap equal to(p) of making rational decisions regardless of their natural inclinations. This condition excludes such examples as, animals, infants, and pack in a coma from being considered to be a rational agent because they do not t ry out the capacity to reason. After realizing the principle the individual is acting under, determine if the reason is mor solelyy right. In order to determine if the maxim is ethical and able to be willed into universal law, it must pass troika tests autonomy, view for humanity, and the terra firma of ends.Autonomy describes the feeling of accomplishment. This can be illustrated as a man who promises his wife that he will take off the pass from golfing and file their tax reports. By keeping his promise to his wife he not solely feels the satisfaction from finishing their tax report provided also, more importantly feels good about sweep uping through with his promise. Autonomy is important because if the husband breaks his promises and lives his life as a promise breaker thus this maxim is clearly self-defeating.The entire maxim of promising to break promises does not pass the test of autonomy therefore could never be passed as a universal law. However, if after passing the autonomy test, then a principle must also respect everyone elses autonomy. In order to respect humanity, make decisions that show an overall concern for rational agents. If by treating them as a rational agent, then the principle will not affect another persons ability rationalize. In order to do this, it is never acceptable to treat a rational being as merely a means (Kant, Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysic of Morals, p 307).That is to say, the act of rape treats the rational agent as a means to sexual gratification. The act of rape does not respect the agent as a rational being and could never be willed into a moral universal law. However if a principle was able to pass the first two conditions, then it is necessity to subject it to the kingdom of ends test. The kingdom of ends is composed of a group of rational agents all with different objectives in life. The importance of having different objectives in life insures that all perspectives and backgrounds work been cover ed.These agents have been given the responsibility of creating a free society. A free society entails laws that every rational agent in that society would hold in upon. If the principle is not a measure that the kingdom of ends would enact, then the principle, by Kants definition, is immoral. Let us analyze the principle of apathy. Living an apathetic life does thence pass the test of autonomy and by showing indifference to other rational agents it also passes the test of humanity. However, apathy would not pass the kingdom of ends, as no rational being would accept such a maxim.As a result, an apathetic life could not be passed as universal law. As an example, we will refer back to the persecution of Jews during World War II. Say a man is hiding a Jew in his house and the Gestapo comes knocking on door. However, as the Gestapo questions the man of the whereabouts of the Jew, the man cannot lie and say that no one is hiding within his house, but at the same time, if he were to tel l the truth he would be indirectly bringing harm upon himself and the Jew. The man should question the Gestapo about what they plan on doing to the Jew once they have located him.According to Kant, consequences have no relevance, although if all possible consequences were known, then it would be permissible to lightly take them into account. Since telling the truth by giving the Gestapo the whereabouts of the Jew would bring direct harm, it is permissible to lie. The maxim would be to never lie unless the truth results direct or indirect harm. This maxim respects autonomy and human nature and would be pass the kingdom of ends test and thus can be willed into universal moral law. Now take the case of chivvy and Sally, according to Kantian moral reasoning, should Sally coax Harry?If Sally were to seduce Harry by taking him back to her place and having sex with him, she would be utilise him as a means to her ends. By Sally using Harry simply as a means to achieve her ends, that mora l decision is breaking a fundamental Kantian principle. victimisation people as only a means is never acceptable. The difference between Sally seducing Harry into sex and Sally having consensual sex with Harry is the difference of deception and coercion. According to Mappes, deception and coercion ar the methods for sexually using someone (Mappes, Sexual Morality, p. 166).The whole idea is based off the respect for an individual person to voluntarily make their own decisions. By deceiving someone, it is clearly misleading a person to make a decision that they would not have made, had it been on their own regard. However the objection can be made that Sally should do what ultimately brings her pleasure. Using Utilitarian morality, something that results in the greater pleasure, or keep offance of harm, of the populations involved is morally correct. Even though Harry is somewhat apprehensive of the whole casual sex idea, he is not defiant or strongly against it.It can even be rea soned that Harry might even enjoy himself once him and Sally are having sex. And also, casual sex is suddenly okay if there is no lying, deceiving, or exploiting (Elliston, In Defense of Promiscuity, p. 170). I believe Ellistons definition of deceiving is different that Kants definition. Kant covers all and any type of deception as immoral. Elliston agrees that deception is indeed immoral, but his definition of deception would be a man telling a woman he does not have herpes virus when indeed he does. As long as sex is consensual, there is no harm.Sally would only be seducing Harry back to her house under, say, the supposition to watch a movie, however when the actual act of intercourse happens, Harry is not being deceived at all. Even with the arguments above, Sally would ultimately be using Harry simply as a means to achieve her ends of sexual pleasure. By using Kantian morality, Sally should not pressure Harry to issue home with her nor should she try to seduce him. Kant reaso ns that human beings have been given this gift of free will to act as the dividing line between humans and animals. Animals are considered animals because they lack the ability to rationalize.What then, is the ultimate value and purpose of having a free will? If the point of having a free will was to seek pleasure and avoid harm, then we are nothing more than animals and have wasted this ability to reason. Instead, humans have free will so they could follow moral law. Therefore, follow moral law even in situations where social laws or natural inclinations could conflict. By following Kants moral reasoning, what we do in our lives is right not only because we ourselves believe it to be right but also since we have willed it to become universal law, it could not possibly be wrong.The maxims that we base our lives on are per se good because we are able to will it into universal law. Therefore, moral decisions made using Kants ideas can be applied universally. Kants ideas show respect for humanity and peoples decisions are not made for selfish pleasure seeking reasons by treating people as a means, but rather they are made based on universal morals and by treating everybody as an rational agent. By following Kants moral reasoning a rational agent will be able to make the right decision when faced with any type of moral dilemma.

The role of the Supernatural and Witchcraft in Macbeth Essay Example for Free

The role of the Supernatural and Witchcraft in Macbeth EssayHow would an hearing in the cadence if Shakespeare re flirts to the role of the Supernatural and Witchcraft in Macbeth?William Shakespeare wrote The Scottish Play to celebrate the CoronationOf James I of England who was to a fault James VI of Scotland. Elizabeth I had that died and common be reposefs and prophecies were taking a major p device in quite a littles livelihood. Two imparticular, which were such as the Supernatural and Witchcraft. This was all starting to believe place within the reign of Queen Elizabeth I (1533 1603)The public were increasingly occupied with speculations and legends of people being called Witches righteous be military campaign they were s frolicsomely different in some way or form. In 1564 a law came in force to prevent Witchcraft from taking place. Murder by Witchcraft would be start forbidden punishable by close, in that respectof ack straight offledging witches with supern atural powers. It is estimated that in Scotland alone 8,000 so-to-be witches were burned to death between 1564 and 1603. In 1604 an additional law was passed in Scotland, which declared bothone found to be practising Witchcraft should be executed. James I himself became mortalally involved with Witchcraft. James I soce went on to publish work ab unwrap Witchcraft Demonology in 1597. Although some people rebelled a deducest this persecution, the belief in witches was widespread, and continued to the last execution in the late 17th century.Adding to the hatred of Witchcraft was the fact that the country at that time was Christian. This also gave the country a literal belief in Heaven and Hell so the listening would urinate been horrify to hear the witches chant. mediocre is disgustful and foul is f argumentationWith their religious beliefs in that time, for them this moral turnround result have come as a horrifying shock to hear this being communicate on stage.Scotland was n ot the only country which Witchcraft as comfortablyk over peoples feeling. In Salem U.S.A, there were the famous Salem Witch-Trials. It started from to girls accusing person of being a witch and that person was executed collect to this accusation. Soon, others people started accusing others for little disputes and also friends and family were accusing each other and this continued so very much some of the villagers were accused and put to death. These trials were so famous and still are, several books were written about this up to now the most(prenominal) famous one written by Arthur moth miller called The Crucible.They believed that witches could do many things such as produce the death of a person, but, it was also believed that they could not pip them. It was also believed that they could sail in a stress which is appearancen with the sentence from one of the witchesSail in sieve Ill thither sail,I give thee windThis also shows another power of the witches that they c ould create any weather that would suit them.When shall we meet again?In thunder, write downening or rain?This does not become different from another sentence in the impart until you notice the question mark at the end which could mean that they al vigorous k right off when they are handout to meet but the question is what weather would they deal to meet in and so one of the witches can create this system. A witch would also have what is called a familiar. These would be such as vague cats, frogs and toads or a black bird analogous a sparrow. These were said to of being given to them from the d wickedness as a connective to the underworld.These all caused enchantment within the public as moldn in Salem but also with royalty with Queen Elizabeth I starting the fascination and James I chronic this onwards. I think that the audience in the theatre would react cautiously to the moral reversal chanted by the witches. The people of that time were mostly Christians it went against their beliefs and so would have been Horrified and shockFrom the opening scene in the play Shakespeare progresses the true fact that this allow for be based around witches and the supernatural. Following from this Shakespeare reflects on what they believed witches were able to do. These are such as change the weather this is reflected by the question that the witches ask. The question they ask each other is in what weather they would the likes of to meet in.When shall we three meet againIn thunder, lightning or rain?By adding the question mark, this tells us that they have already decided where and when, but they leave purposely choose what weather and by one of the powers that witches were believed to have they will baffle this weather system arrive for when they have planned to meet. The witches accordingly go on to speak of another quality that they were believed to have and that is a link to the underworld, familiars. Familiars are such as black cats, frogs and toads, spar rows. These are said to be their link to the devil. The witches speak of a grey cat and toad.I come GreymalkinPaddock CallsThe Greymalkin being a grey cat and Paddock a toad.The scene tightfittings with one of the main themes of the play. bring together is foul and foul is fairThis is what the witches believe and preach. It means that anything which is advanced (Fair) is bad (Foul), but if anything is Evil (Foul) to them it is impregnable (Fair). This is a moral reversal and also a paradox of what we believe in the world today.The closing of the scene is where Shakespeare brings Macbeth into the play but does not allow the audience to watch over him. The audience would directly be wondering what kind of a man Macbeth is. Is he a person of the supernatural because the prototypical people to speak about him are the witches, or by chance is he a good man but because of what the witches believe in and will they try and bring his death to him?.In the second scene Shakespeare uses this to establish the fact that there is a battle going on with Scotland and Norway at that time. The audience is so informed via a bloody captain that it was not legitimate that Scotland would win the battle until Macbeth appears, and the captain quotesFor brave Macbeth well he deserves that nameThe audience are also informed of the bravery of Macbeth and Banquo. From this point Shakespeare also uses spectacular irony, this is used where Macbeth is told that the Thane of Cawdor has been claimed as a traitor to his country and so shall be executed. The reason that this is called irony is that the audience already agnise that Macbeth will be en stack Thane of Cawdor, but Macbeth is unaware of this.Shakespeare at the beginning of scene three brings in the witches again and proves to everyone that they really are witches and also that they possess the powers that people believed they could possess. Shakespeare also shows how petty, spiteful and impatient that they could be,A sail ors wife had chestnuts in her lap,And munched, and munched, and munched-Give me,Quoth I,Aroint thee witch, the rump-fed ronyon cries.Her husbands to Aleppo gone, master o thTiger.Now that the witches have appeared the audience will now be waiting impatiently for the appearance of Macbeth. The audience know that Macbeth will be appearing soon due to what the witches quoted in the initiative scene.When Macbeth appears and makes his scratch line speech, he will shock the audience and give an instant impression on the audience.So foul and fair a day I have not seenThis could be irony for the hereafter of Macbeth may this be what happens to him on the future, This will shock the audience as this is very similar to what the witches chanted as their main theme and so Macbeth would be associated with the witches and be influenced on their doings. What Macbeth really means by this, is that the weather is foul but it is an air day due to Scotland winning the battle.When the witches are ta lking to Macbeth and Banquo, Banquo is odd and confused why Macbeth should be concerned when the witches oracle good news to Macbeth. However the witches have seemed to put him in a trance-like state when he is told that he will become king and this brings Banquo into a resource of clothing and uses this to make the point that Macbeth is in a trance-like rapt. The witches whence turn to Banquo and make three claims to him.lesser than Macbeth, and greater.Not so happy, yet much happierThou shalt get kings, though thou be no(prenominal)After these claims to Banquo the witches seem to disappear into thin air and Banquo is very suspicious of them unlike Macbeth. Macbeth has deep and dark desires and thinks about Banquos children becoming king as if this could have some threat to Macbeths future.After their first experience with the witches, Angus and Ross appear with news for Macbeth. The news that they have brought to Macbeth is that the Thane of Cawdor has been declared a traito r to Scotland and so he will become Thane of Cawdor himself. This is ironic because this is one of the claims the witches have given to Macbeth. Macbeth wherefore startles the audience when he says that greatest is behind and means that all that is left for him to achieve is to get onto the throne. This will also tell the audience that even the best of men can be tempted by evil. Banquo though refers to the devil as evil and so represents good in the moral reversal that is about to take place in both of them.And oftentimes, to win us our harm,The instruments of darkness tells us truths,Win us with honest trifles, so betraysIn deepest consequence.When Macbeth speaks his first major soliloquy the audience lastly get to hear his innermost thoughts as he asks himself questions,Two truths are toldOf the imperial theme I convey you gentlemen. This supernatural solicitingCannot be ill, cannot be good.If ill, why hath it given me earnest of success,Commencing in truth? I am Thane of Cawd or.If, good why do I cave in to that suggestion,Whose horrid image doth unfix my hair,And make my seated heart knock at my ribs,Against the look of nature? Present fearsAre less than horrible imaginings?My thought whose take yet is but fantastical,Shakes so my single state of man, that functionIs smothered in surmise, and nothing isBut what is not.It is Macbeth who mentions bump off, even though the witches have mentioned nothing of the crystallize and so this shows that this is suggestion is one that Macbeth has thought of himself. He also decides that it is not a possibility that it will come to murder.If chance will have me king, why chancemay crown meWithout my stir.And also that he will leave it to chance whether he will become king or not.Come what come may,Time and the hour runs through the roughest day.This because leaves the audience with a sense of hope that Macbeth is not going to allow him to be tempted.It is when Duncan declares his oldest son, Malcolm, as his heir to the throne Macbeths attitude to the throne changes and so instead of waiting for the chance to become king he now sees Malcolm as an obstacle to himself and there from another small soliloquy he allows the audience to now he has evil desires inside and so prays that the stars should not shine on his evil desires.The Prince of Cumberland that is a step,On which I must fall down, or else oerleap,For in my way it lies, stars hide your fires,Let not light see my black and deep desires.The eye wink at the hand yet let that be,Which the eye fears when it is done to see.He does this because stars are a form of light and light represents goodness. We now start to think that this perchance the start of Macbeths evil paths coming to light, it is then that dame Macbeth is introduced.Lady Macbeth delighted by her husbands letter, she knows MAcbeth is ambitious to get on the throne but also realises that he lacks the ruthlessness needed to get there. She knows he only wants to win his ho nours honestly, would like to be king but will not cheat to gain the throne. A messenger informs Lady Macbeth of the kings immanent arrival and she is then very excited and sees this as a perfect opportunity to get Macbeth on the throne. She then speaks a horrid and for the audience a surprise prayer to evil spirits.Come you spritsThat tends on mortal thoughts, unsex me here,And fill me from the crown to the toe-top fullOf direst abrasiveness make thick my blood,Stop up th access and passage to remorse,That no compunctious visitings of natureShake my fell purpose, nor keep peace betweenTh effect and it. Come to my womens breasts,And take my milk for gull, you murdringMinisters,Wherever in your persuasionless substancesYou wait on natures mischief. Come thickNight,And pall thee in the dunnest smoke of hell,That my acute knife see not the wound it makes,Nor heaven peep through the blanket of the dark,To cry Hold, holdThis prayer from Lady Macbeth is shocking to the audience becaus e of the quarrel that she uses. Here she is asking for the evil spirits to come to her and to fill her from the crown to the toe-top full with evil and replace her milk into bitterness and evil. She has prayed for this because she has decided that she will not let this opportunity to pass of becoming Queen. She has also prayed for this as she knows that Macbeth has not got the evil and ruthlessness inside him to carry out the murder. Lady Macbeth has also asked for it to be a dark nighttime and so that the stars and heaven can not see her do this deed because the light and heaven are representations of goodness.So, when the arrival of Macbeth occurs, she then shocks the audience again but also Macbeth when declaring that Duncan will not see the morning. She has the idea of deception.O never shall sun that morrow seeLady Macbeth has now only committed herself to the deed and has not given Macbeth any chance of changing her mind. She is entirely devoted to now becoming Queen and wi ll not by any means let this prospect surpass.Macbeth is now in two minds and delivers a soliloquy to the audience to let them know exactly what he is emotion like and what he is wrestling with in his internal conflict.that but this blowMight be the be-all and the end-all here,We still have judgement here,Hes here in doubled trustas his host,Who should against his murderer shut the door,Not bear the knife myself.his virtuesWill plead like angels I have no spurTo scratching the sides of my intent, but onlyVaulting ambition, which oerleaps itself,And falls on th other -He admits the only thing driving him is ambition and informs Lady Macbeth that he will not murder Duncan. But he gives her different excuses than what he really feels so that he does not appear weak in her eyes. Lady Macbeth then launches a powerful harangue on Macbeth, accusing him of exactly what he did not want, and that is to be accused of not being a man. She goes on to create an atrocious image of her killing her baby and appears to have joined the forces of evil and she will surely not let this opportunity of becoming Queen Pass. She now appears to have had her wish of being filled with evil fulfilled...I have given suck, and knowHow tender tis to love the babe that milks me-I would while it was smiling in my faceHave plucked my nipple from his boneless gums,And dashed the brains out, had I so sworn as youHave done to this.The people of the time of Shakespeare believed that the witches could cause hallucinations and this is what occurred to Macbeth when he sees a dagger coming towards him. Macbeths mind is filling of dark and evil desires and is also tormented by images of blood, fear, and the unknown.Is this a dagger which I see before me,The handle toward my hand? Come let me clutchthee.Art thou not, fatal vision, sensibleTo feeling as to sight? Or art thou butA dagger of the mind, a false creation,Mine eyes are made the fools o th other senses,Macbeth now explains that he is sure tha t this dagger which he sees in front of him is definitely a false creation and is not real but a hallucination. Macbeth then personifies murder and feels he is going to do a deed similar to what psyche else did before him yet in different circumstances.With Tarquins ravishing strides, towards his designMoves like a ghost.Murder is against Macbeths nature and against the natural order of thing. The darkness is Shakespeares way of using language to symbolise evil powers rising up against the powers of goodness and light. Macbeth wonders whether he is going insane where symbolizing all the evil building up in Macbeth heart. He then decides to take out the murder and so maybe he has decided to carry out the murder because he really is an evil man as possibly he didnt need the influence of the witches to take out the deed. Or possibly he is acting on impulse and without thinking it through properly or he is still under the influence of them.The first sign of Lady Macbeths conscience is when they come to kill Duncan but cannot because she thinks that Duncan looks like her father.Th attempt and not the deedConfounds us. Hark I laid their daggers ready,He could not missem. Had he not resembledMy father as he slept, I had donet.This gives the audience a slight indication that evil has not totally interpreted over her and in the end good will triumph over evil.Macbeth slays Duncan as he is quiescence and sleeping is often referred to as innocence. He horrified himself by the fact that he could not say Amen. At this point the audience do not know whether the deed has been done, so, this is even much create that Macbeth had done the deed. In the time of Shakespeare it was believed that if you did a deed like this the devil would take your soul and would stop you from saying anything that would be linked to Christianity. This would have horrified both the audience and himself because then Christian beliefs were essential and this would have been an essential part of t heir belief.Lady Macbeth then decides to take over the situation and tells Macbeth to wash his reach but he then fears for a blood-stained soul. Macbeth has destroyed the natural order of things and knows himself must pay..Go get some water,And wash this filthy witness from your hand.Give me the daggers. The sleeping and the deadAre but as pictures. Tis the eye of childhoodThat fears a painted devil. If he do bleed,Ill gild the faces of the grooms withal,For it must seem their guiltiness.Lennox then talks of the night of Duncans death and tells us about the rough night gone past. The night would have been done by nature to warn everybody that paranormal things are going on (e.g. the death of Duncan).They have broken the natural order of things in ways that horses have eaten each other the weather was awedAnd also as the owl was sweeping through the air like a hawk whereas owls normally fly close to the ground. This was not classed as a familiar but an evil bird due to it only co ming out at night and night equals evil.The night has been unruly. Where we layOur chimneys were blown down, and as they say,Lamentings heard I th air, strange screams of death,A falcon towering in her pride of placeWas a mousing owl hawks at, and killed.And Duncans horses a thing most strange andBeauteous and swift, the minions if their race,Turns wild in nature, broke their stalls, flung out,Contending gainst obedience, as they would makeWar with mankind.Tis said they eat each other.On discovery of Duncans body Macduff uses imagery which goes beyond the facts of murder and talks of unleashed chaos and a sacrilegious deed. This is a sacrilegious deed due to the king being believed to have been appointed by god and so this was so bad it would have been like destroying a church or other religious building. This was claimed to have unleashed chaos because it looks like someone has not just stabbed Duncan but has continued to do so with force many times. Also the body is so bad to vie w Macduff claims that you would turn you to pock like a new gorgon.Confusion now hath made his masterpiece.Most sacrilegious murder hath broken openThe lords anointed temple and stole thenceThe life o th buildingApproach the chamber, and destroy your sightWith a new Gorgon. Do not bid me speak.See, and then speak yourselves.The quote that a new Gorgon is in reference to a Greek goddess that had snakes for hair and if you saw her you would turn to stone and Macduff says that if you saw the body of Duncan you would turn to stone as the sight is so ghastly.When Macbeth first kills the guards this may be the point where he may not be sticking to the plan. This would in fact be worse for him due to nobody will not be able to give evidence.Scene four tells us what has really happened. However, there is much stress on the unnaturalness of the murder and how it has begun to poison nature. The forces of evil seem to be at work due to it been dark like night when it is supposed to be light. It is believed that it was light due to good not being able to look down on the death because it is ashamed to see the body of Duncan.Banquo is representing good and apart from Macbeth is the only other person that knows about the witches prophecies. Macbeth is concerned about Banquo coming to the truth in his mind because he is a very intelligent person. Also Macbeth is obsessed about the witches prophet that one of Banquos children will become King. Macbeth tells us about why he is afraid of Banquo and he orders the death of Banquo but also Banquos son Fleance just to make sure that no one else could become king soon. In the soliloquy Macbeth tells us about Banquos good and strong points but also that he feels he has sold his soul to the devil for the sake of Banquos children and he has done it for no purpose of his own and all for nothing.No son of mine succeeding. Ift be so.For Banquos turn I have filed my mind,For them the gracious Duncan have I murderedTo make them kings, the seed of Banquo kingsEven now Lady Macbeth also thinks the same as Macbeth, that now they are King and Queen they have done it all for nothing.Naughta had, alls spent.Macbeth tells us of the nightmares that he has which stops him from sleeping. This was another point on which it was believed that the witches could cause this and stop people from sleeping altogether. There is also a growing distance between Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. He starts to hint to her that something terrible will be done, but designedly chooses not to tell her and even deceives her by telling her to pay particular attention to Banquo at the feast. Perhaps this is because he wants to treasure her or because he wants to show her that he is a man and is capable of acting on his own. The final words of this scene are important and ominous. Macbeths words give the audience an sagacity to what is really going on in his mind. Macbeth tells us that his wickedness grows stronger and even more vicious. He has now comm itted himself to the path of evilness and he has now gone too far to turn back on the right road.The scene of Banquos murder is a scene of where we see the most references to good and light overpowering darkness and evil.Give us a light there, hoEvil is a force that is equals darkness and this is also when the murder is going to take place. By this Banquo who represents good, asks for more light. By this Shakespeare uses this as a metaphor of good overpowers evil. When Macbeth orders the murder of Banquo and Fleance it seems to the audience that evil will overpower good and Macbeth who now represents evil will come through. At the murder scene Banquo is killed and Fleance escapes and so lets the audience realise that evil may not totally take over and the witches predictions were thence the truth.O treachery Fly good Fleance, fly, fly, flyThou mayst punish. O slaveOne reason why they also may ask for more light is that Banquo represents good and that represents light, so when Banq uo is killed some of the light will have dimmed, so there is less light.In the next scene there is a banquet in Macbeths castle and Macbeth sees the ghost of Banquo and this could be caused by the witches, as it was believed that they could cause hallucinations and they may cause this.Which of you have done this?His quote asks the others which of them have compete this trick on him also he is asking who has killed Banquo, although he knows totally well that in a sense he has killed him. This hallucination is caused by his guilt and has been sent by the witches to torment him and need him insane. The banquet is now totally in turmoil, and chaos has broken out. This may also represent how Macbeths reign will affect the country and what may happen in the future to scotland.Lady Macbeth says that she cannot tell whether it is day or night, which is apparent to Macbeth also. They cannot tell whether it is day or night but also they cannot tell good from evil. This is similar to what th e witches said.Fair is Foul and Foul is Fair. exercise three scene six again allows Shakespeare to inform the audience of the state that Scotland is in under the reign of Macbeth.May soon return to this our suffering countryUnder a hand accursedThe next act is where we see an important view of the witches. They throw their nauseous ingredients into the charmed pot they talk in rhyme giving the impression of them creating a magic bend being chanted.Eye of newt, and toe of frog,Adders fork, and blind-worms sting,Like a hell-broth boil and bubble.Double, double toil and troubleFire burn and cauldron bubble.These here are just some of the nauseous ingredients they put into their pot. Their gruel is also an image of confusion and reflects Elizabethan beliefs about the nature of the world and the relationship between good and evil. The witches refer to Macbeth as something wicked and so this may say that they quite like him. I have made this prediction due to the quote.Fair is Foul and F oul is FairWhen they refer to Macbeth as something wicked they are near saying that he is worse than them.By the pricking of my thumbs,Something wicked this way comesOpen locks,Whoever Locks.Macbeth is determined to know his future, and the witches are also determined to use Macbeths human failings and readiness to use their predictions as a way of destroying him.Macbeth, Macbeth, Macbeth, beware Macduff,Beware the Thane of Fife. Dismiss me. enoughThis is a warning to Macbeth that he must beware of the Thane of Fife, or as the Thane of Fife, Macduff. Macbeth takes this as it is said and is aware of Macduff.Macbeth has another Apparition come to him and gives him this warning.laugh to sconeThe power of man, for none of woman born(p)(p)Shall harm Macbeth.This warning to Macbeth says that he should be aware of any person not born of a woman. Macbeth takes this as everyone is born of women and there is no possibility of him been moved off the throne..Macbeth shall never vanquished be , untilGreat Birnam wood to high Dunsinane hill.This is a warning to Macbeth that he will only be interpreted off the throne when Birnam wood moves up to Dunsinane Castle where Macbeth lives. When Macbeth hears this he interpretates it as the wood will pickup its roots and walk up to the castle. He then instantly thinks that he has no problem of been taken off the throne until he dies. First he requests one more view, and this is that he wants to find out who will take the throne after him. Macbeth is then shown a line of eight kings. These are not too important to Macbeth at first until he notices that they all resemble Banquo. This is his worst fear that no-one of his ownfamily is going to carry on the family in his name and so Banquo will be not so happy, yet much happier. This tells Macbeth that all this that he has done was all for nothing and brought more pain to him and his wife that they would have had without the deeds they have committed.Thou art too like the spirit of Ban quo. DownThy crown does sear mine eyeballsIn Act four scene two we see the only other effeminate character apart from Lady Macbeth, Lady Macduff. She is the total opposite to Lady Macbeth, as she is caring, gentile and also a loving mother and wife. She is very close to her child and Macduff, and she is loyal to them both. Lady Macduff is not interested in politics and has no deep and dark desires. The murdering of Lady Macduff and all her children would be deeply shocking to the audience especially with it been carried out on stage. They are all honest and innocent so their deaths would be needless. This shows how low Macbeth has got and how badly he has sunk in terms of morality. They do however serve to determine Macduff to seek revenge and to swear to kill the tyrant.I have done no harmAct four scene three enlightens the audience as to the character that Macbeth has now become. He has now become a complete contrast to what he was at the start of the Scottish play.For brave Mac beth well he deserves that name On receiving the news about the murder of his family Macduff is urges by Malcolm to enrage his heart and get revenge on Macbeth.I grant him bloody,Luxurious, avaricious, false, deceitful,Sudden, malicious, smacking of every sinThat has a name.There are also points to prove about how Macbeth is running the country and in what state it is in.Stands Scotland where it did?Alas, poor countryAct five scene one is the last time that we see Lady Macbeth and she is still complete contrast to what we see of her in the beginning. She is suffering like the prediction she made after the death of Duncan. This is that she told Macbeth that if he kept on thinking about it then he would drive himself insane and loose control and go mad. She has done exactly that, and spends her nights sleep-walking and has ordered that light is to be with her all the time especially at night.How came she by that light?Why it stood by her. She has a light by herContinually, tis her c ommand.Could this possibly mean that she needs light around her, or could we say, she needs goodness around her, to protect her possibly?When she is sleepwalking she goes to the bathroom to try and wash off a dammed spot of blood on her hand. This is another contrast of Lady Macbeth where at first she said,a little water cleans us of this deed.She is now in her own private hell full of blood, fog and filthy air. She is now pitiful, terrified or going to hell and yet realising there is no escape of going to hell so she can prepare for the arrival. She then takes herself back into time and makes references to the murders of Banquo and Lady Macduff. It is possible that if Macbeth has told her about these murders, she would have tried to stop the murders indefinitely. She may of tried to stop these, as these were not apart of her plan when they became king and queen.The thane of Fife had a wife where is she now?What will these hands neer be clean?I tell you yet again Banquos buried heCa nnot come out ons grave.The doctor that is smell after her has now realised that Lady Macbeth does not need a doctor, but also that he cannot do anything for her, as she really needs someone much more powerful than him, a Priest, a phychiatrist. This is the last that we hear of Lady Macbeth but we do hear that she takes her own life. This would say to the audience that good will always overpower evil and there is a severe price to pay for taking the evil road.Macbeth hints to the audience and that he is ready for death and to go to hell. But he is determined not to go without a support and until every piece of flesh has been gauchely teared off his raw get up. Shakespeare shows that he is ready to die by using imagery of withering leaves.I have lived long enough. My way of lifeIs fallen into the sear, the yellow leafYet he still asks for his armour so to not die without a last fight. This brings us back to his attitude at the beginning. At the beginning he was loyal strong and wa s brave. You could say he was being brave here or is he just taking an early exit to death.Ill fight, till from my bones my flesh be hacked.Give me my armour.The final scenes reveal to the audience and Macbeth the equivocation that the witches used to give Macbeth an idea of his future.oftentimes, to winus to our hard, the instruments of darkness tell us truths,win us with honest trifles,to betrays in deepest consequence.Macbeth hears a shriek and says he as almost forgotten what it is to be afraid. He refers to the night of Duncans murder and that then even the slightest noise appalled him. He receives the news of his wifes death with apparent complete differences a huge contrast to the beginning. He suggests that almost his wifes death is almost a complete inconvenience to him that she has died when he is in the middle of a battle.She should have died hereafterThere would have been a time for such a word.He realises that life is only a shadow a fleeting thing that is meaningless like the fit and fury of an idiots tale. He decides that his life has been all for nothing.The final unravelling of the prophecies would be of great interest to the audience serving a whole moral purpose. The witches did not exactly lie to Macbeth, but maybe misrepresented them so he had to work the rest out himself and they may have done this to see what explanation Macbeth came up with. They didnt tell him the whole truth and didnt lie but made their predictions interpretable in different ways. The interpretation that Macbeth makes of these was the wrong ones. But his interpretation appealed to his ignorance, greed and wisdom. When one of his messengers tells him that Birham wood is coming to Dunsinane, he realises that he interpretated them wrong and the witches had tricked him, just like his good companion said they would in the first act.Good sir, why do you start, and seem to fearThings do sound di fair? I th name of truthAre ye fantastical, or that indeedMacbeth even thoug h realising his fate still is determined to die like a soldier.Why should I play the Roman fool, and dieOn mine own sword? Whiles I see lives, the gashesDo better upon them.Macbeth then realises his castle is been attacked and defeated, he now realises that he is tied to the stake and cannot escape. Here though he still clings to the apparitions and to the fact that no man not born of a woman can hurt him.He is confronted by Macduff turn hell-bound but Macbeth hints that he does, somewhere, still have the remnants of a consciencemy souls too much chargd with blood of thine alreadyMacduff is desperate to avenge the deaths of all his family and tells Macbeth that if he is not to fight that he must surrender and they will then put him on show like a rare monster. Macbeth can not bear this torture and decides to fight. He then also tells Macduff that he might as well as give up as he owns a charmed life because he cannot be harmed by anyone born of a woman. Macduff respond with a quote that would shock the audience and horrify Macbeth. This is that he was born not of a woman but from his mothers womb untimely rippdThis tells us that Macduff was not born naturally but tells us that he was born caesarean birth and that he was ripped earlier than a normal birth from his mothers womb.By now Macbeth has finally realised everything that the witches said and he is furious with them but really he should only be furious with himself because of his own interpretation of the apparitions.And be these juggling fiends no more believed,That palter with us in a double senseThat keep the word of promise in our ear,And break it to our hope. Ill not fight with thee.Macduff goes on to kill Macbeth and this also is true to what the apparition prophesised.Beware Macduff, beware the Thane of FifeBy this Malcolm is rightfully restored to his rightful position, King of Scotland.