Mechanical Engineering Essay

Mechanical engineering is a discipline of engineering that applies the principles of engineering, physics and materials science for analysis, design, manufacturing, and maintenance of mechanical systems. It is the branch of engineering that involves the production and usage of heat and mechanical power for the design, production, and operation of machines and tools.[1] It is one of the oldest and broadest engineering disciplines. The engineering field requires an understanding of core concepts including mechanics, kinematics, thermodynamics, materials science, structural analysis, and electricity. Mechanical engineers use these core principles along with tools like computer-aided engineering, and product lifecycle management to design and analyze manufacturing plants, industrial equipment and machinery, heating and cooling systems, transport systems, aircraft, watercraft, robotics, medical devices, weapons, and others. Mechanical engineering emerged as a field during the industrial revolution in Europe in the 18th century; however, its development can be traced back several thousand years around the world. Mechanical engineering science emerged in the 19th century as a result of developments in the field of physics. The field has continually evolved to incorporate advancements in technology, and mechanical engineers today are pursuing developments in such fields as composites, mechatronics, and nanotechnology. Mechanical engineering overlaps with aerospace engineering, metallurgical engineering, civil engineering, electrical engineering, petroleum engineering, manufacturing engineering, chemical engineering, and other engineering disciplines to varying amounts. Mechanical engineers may also work in the field of Biomedical engineering, specifically with biomechanics, transport phenomena, biomechatronics, bionanotechnology and modeling of biological systems, like soft tissue mechanics. Mechanical engineering finds its application in the archives of various ancient and medieval societies throughout mankind. In ancient Greece, the works of Archimedes (287 BC–212 BC) deeply influenced mechanics in the Western tradition and Heron of Alexandria (c. 10–70 AD) created the first steam engine.[2] In China, Zhang Heng (78–139 AD) improved a water clock and invented a seismometer, and Ma Jun (200–265 AD) invented a chariot with differential gears. The medieval  Chinese horologist and engineer Su Song (1020–1101 AD) incorporated an escapement mechanism into his astronomical clock tower two centuries before any escapement can be found in clocks of medieval Europe, as well as the world’s first known endless power-transmitting chain drive. During the years from 7th to 15th century, the era called the Islamic Golden Age, there were remarkable contributions from Muslim inventors in the field of mechanical technology. Al-Jazari, who was one of them, wrote his famous Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices in 1206, and presented many mechanical designs. He is also considered to be the inventor of such mechanical devices which now form the very basic of mechanisms, such as the crankshaft and camshaft. Important breakthroughs in the foundations of mechanical engineering occurred in England during the 17th century when Sir Isaac Newton both formulated the three Newton’s Laws of Motion and developed Calculus, the mathematical basis of physics. Newton was reluctant to publish his methods and laws for years, but he was finally persuaded to do so by his colleagues, such as Sir Edmund Halley, much to the benefit of all mankind. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz is also credited with creating Calculus during the same time frame. During the early 19th century in England, Germany and Scotland, the development of machine tools led mechanical engineering to develop as a separate field within engineering, providing manufacturing machines and the engines to power them.[5] The first British professional society of mechanical engineers was formed in 1847 Institution of Mechanical Engineers, thirty years after the civil engineers formed the first such professional society Institution of Civil Engineers.[6] On the European continent, Johann von Zimmermann (1820–1901) founded the first factory for grinding machines in Chemnitz, Germany in 1848. In the United States, the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) was formed in 1880, becoming the third such professional engineering society, after the American Society of Civil Engineers (1852) and the American Institute of Mining Engineers (1871).[7] The first schools in the United  States to offer an engineering education were the United States Military Academy in 1817, an institution now known as Norwich University in 1819, and Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1825. Education in mechanical engineering has historically been based on a strong foundation in mathematics and science. Education Degrees in mechanical engineering are offered at universities worldwide. In Brazil, Ireland, Philippines, Pakistan, China, Greece, Turkey, North America, South Asia, India, Dominican Republic and the United Kingdom, mechanical engineering programs typically take four to five years of study and result in a Bachelor of Engineering (B.Eng), Bachelor of Science (B.Sc), Bachelor of Science Engineering (B.ScEng), Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech), or Bachelor of Applied Science (B.A.Sc) degree, in or with emphasis in mechanical engineering. In Spain, Portugal and most of South America, where neither BSc nor BTech programs have been adopted, the formal name for the degree is â€Å"Mechanical Engineer†, and the course work is based on five or six years of training. In Italy the course work is based on five years of training, but in order to qualify as an Engineer you have to pass a state exam at the end of the course. In Greece, the coursework is based on a five year curriculum and the requirement of a ‘Diploma’ Thesis, which upon completion a ‘Diploma’ is awarded rather than a B.Sc. In Australia, mechanical engineering degrees are awarded as Bachelor of Engineering (Mechanical) or similar nomenclature[9] although there are an increasing number of specialisations. The degree takes four years of full-time study to achieve. To ensure quality in engineering degrees, Engineers Australia accredits engineering degrees awarded by Australian universities in accordance with the global Washington Accord. Before the degree can be awarded, the student must complete at least 3 months of on the job work experience in an engineering firm. Similar systems are also present in South Africa and are overseen by the Engineering Council of South Africa (ECSA). In the United States, most undergraduate mechanical engineering programs are  accredited by the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET) to ensure similar course requirements and standards among universities. The ABET web site lists 302 accredited mechanical engineering programs as of 11 March 2014.[10] Mechanical engineering programs in Canada are accredited by the Canadian Engineering Accreditation Board (CEAB),[11] and most other countries offering engineering degrees have similar accreditation societies. Some mechanical engineers go on to pursue a postgraduate degree such as a Master of Engineering, Master of Technology, Master of Science, Master of Engineering Management (MEng.Mgt or MEM), a Doctor of Philosophy in engineering (EngD, PhD) or an engineer’s degree. The master’s and engineer’s degrees may or may not include research. The Doctor of Philosophy includes a significant research component and is often viewed as the entry point to academia.[12] The Engineer’s degree exists at a few institutions at an intermediate level between the master’s degree and the doctorate.

Investigation Into The Theme of Entrapment in The Bell Jar by Sylvia Plath

Sylvia Plath was born in Boston, Massachusetts in 1932 to Austrian parents. She studied at the prestigious Smith College with a scholarship and in 1955 she went to Cambridge University where she met and later married Ted Hughes. Plaths life was one of success, and intense ambition and perfectionism. In an early journal entry, aged 16, she described herself as ‘The girl who would be God'. Her desire to be a perfect writer and a perfect woman is set however in her understanding of the constraints placed on women in the 50's. The early death of her father when she was just 8, and the combination of fear and adoration she felt towards him had an immense and lasting effect on her life, and subsequently he appears as a major theme in both her poetry and prose works. The Bell Jar was first released in England in 1963 under the pseudonym Victoria Lucas. It received lukewarm reviews with most critics highlighting the personal yet detached voice of novel. An anonymous review stated ‘it read so much like the truth that it is hard to disassociate her from Esther Greenwood, the ‘I' of the story, but she had the gift of being able to feel and yet to watch herself: she can feel the desolation and yet relate this to the landscape of everyday life'. This shows how the novel was seen to be autobiographical even before it was known who the author was, and before comparisons of plot construct and the life of the author could be made. This shows how the tone, which some may say is confessional, leads readers to analyse the work from a psycho-biographical standpoint. You can read also Analysis of Literary Devices of Jane Eyre Laurence Lerner equates the detachment, which the anonymous reviewer highlights, with Esthers neurosis deriving from her role as satirist of the world around her, and he sees her ‘Bell Jar' as one of a detached observer. Critics also compared it to JD Salingers ‘The Catcher In The Rye', because of the interpretation of it as a critique of college life and establishing identity, and also the existential undertones of the dominant voice are similar in both texts. Robert Taubman wrote in The Statesman that The Bell Jar was a ‘clever first novel†¦ he first feminist novel†¦ in the Salinger mood. ‘ Linda Wagner saw The Bell Jar as ‘in structure and intent a highly conventional bildungsroman ‘, or a rites of passage novel, with the construct focusing entirely on the: ‘education and maturation of Esther Greenwood, Plath's novel uses a chronological and necessarily episodic structure to keep Esther at the centre of all action. Other characte rs are fragmentary, subordinate to Esther and her developing consciousness, and are shown only through their effects on her as central character. No incident is included which does not influence her maturation'. Modern criticism also focuses on political and feminist criticisms of the novel. Alan Sinfield explores ideological intersections between society and the arts, and recognises Plath as critiquing the construction of gender role arguments, taken up by many contemporary feminist critics. Plath is seen as articulating many of the thoughts and feelings many women have about the constraints, opportunities and contradictions of women's role in society. Many have interpreted The Bell Jar as semi-autobiographical. It is impossible to ignore the similarities between the life of Plath and that of Esther, the main protagonist of the novel. The novel parallels her twentieth year almost perfectly. Plath was awarded a spot as a â€Å"guest editor† at Mademoiselle magazine during her junior year at Smith, as Esther won a fashion magazine competition to work on it in New York for a month. Both had been, on the surface, a model daughter, popular in school, earning straight A's and winning the best prizes. She even went to Smith on scholarship; endowed by Olive Higgins Prouty, perhaps the model for Esther's patron, Philomena Guinea. That summer, however, she nearly succeeded in killing herself by swallowing sleeping pills, paralleling the suicide attempt in the novel. After a period of recovery involving electroshock and psychotherapy Plath seemed to become â€Å"herself† again, graduating from Smith with honours and winning a Fulbright scholarship to study at Cambridge, England. However, her troubles returned to haunt her throughout her life, and she committed suicide in 1963. Plath recognised her own inability to write about anything other than her own experiences. In her journals she referred to this as the ‘curse of my vanity'. She talked of, ‘my inability to lose myself in a character, a situation. Always myself, myself, myself. ‘ This makes any reading into The Bell Jar all the more poignant, because Plath's few prose works are more directly related to real life than most fiction. The theme of entrapment forms the central image of The Bell Jar. Plath constructs the analogy in Chapter 15 where Esther, the central character, concludes that ‘I would be sitting under the same glass bell jar, stewing in my own sour air'. Plath's use of the sibilant words ‘stewing' and ‘sour' evoke strong sensual reactions in the reader as if they were hit by a pungent sickly smell. The Bell Jar represents the entrapment Esther feels at the hands of society and its expectations of women, and also entrapment by men and the possibility of entrapment by children. The first of these could be understood as representing Esther's suffocation at the hands of societal pressure and the general oppressive atmosphere of the 50's, especially for women. It must be noted that at the end of the fifties the average age of marriage had actually fallen to 20, and was still dropping. It was not uncommon for girls to drop out of college or high school to marry, in fact education was sometimes seen as a bar to marriage. During all of the forties and fifties housewifery tasks were glorified as ‘proof' of a ‘complete' woman in the media. In America at the end of the fifties the birth rate was overtaking India's. Increased affluence allowed people to have four, five, six children, shown in the novel by the inclusion of Dodo Conway, a catholic neighbour who has 6 children; she fascinated Esther because of her ever increasing family and stoic acceptance of her situation. By the 1960s, the employment of women was rather the norm than the exception, but they were holding mostly part-time jobs, to help put their husbands through college, or widows supporting families. For such an ambitious and talented woman like the protagonist of the novel this would inevitably cause a clash of ideals between those of wider society and her own. Society assumes a woman will marry. The heroine of the novel is besieged by the influences that propagate the myth that the purpose of a woman's existence is a husband, a house and having children. After Esther's release from the mental hospital, Buddy's final words to her are: â€Å"I wonder who you'll marry now . . . you've been here. † This is similar to the feelings of Esthers mother, for being in a mental institute has a certain social stigma attached to it. The opinion that no man will want a woman with baggage or problems is similar to the view presented by Mrs Willard that no man would want a woman with sexual experience. This adds up to the opinion that all women should be clean, pure, innocent and naive for their men. Also, if Esther were to choose not to marry and not follow the guidelines society attempts to entrap her in, is to go against society's expectations and to commit a kind of sin. Writing to her mother from Smith, Plath agonised over ‘which to choose? ‘-meaning: a career or a family? The central metaphor of The Bell Jar, the ‘fig tree', is Plath's literary portrayal of this dilemma. Each fig represents an option, a future: to be a famous poet, an editor, or to be a wife and mother. Each is mutually exclusive and only one can be picked. As Esther (very much an extension of her creator here) hesitates, debating with herself, â€Å"the figs began to wrinkle and go black, and, one by one, they plopped to the ground at her feet. † Rejection of any option was difficult because she wanted it all. The conclusion that the figs rot and die aligns the image tonally with the rest of the novel. Esther shows her desire to have it all and her refusal to limit herself when she says to Buddy, ‘I'll be flying back and forth between one mutually exclusive thing and another for the rest of my days. In her own life, Plath attempted to achieve both career and family. There were times, her letters and the remembrances of her family and friends reveal, that domestic life alone seemed to fulfil her. She was a perfectionist at housekeeping as she had always been at her college work and at writing, but at other times the routine infuriated her and the ‘viciousness in the kitchen' that she describes in Lesbos sets in. At ti mes she revelled in being â€Å"cowlike† and maternal, but resentment against their demands on her time and her creativity is evident too. Esther concludes that the societal pressure that she feels at her prestigious College, where the girls pocketbook covers must match the material of their dresses and all the girls wait with excitement for their invitations to the proms, is not so different to the pressure she feels in the asylum. ‘What was there about us' she wonders ‘so different from the girls playing bridge and studying in the college . . . Those girls too sat under a bell jar of a sort'. Plath explicitly shows the reader that the Bell Jar is not simply one of depression, but also one of conformity. The entrapment that Esther feels is also sexual. This is partly caused by Buddys sexuality and power, for Esther and Joan react to him and eventually rebel against him by exploring alternative sexual methods. Joan becomes a lesbian (though whether this is a direct result of her and Buddys relationship is debatable), and Esther asserts her sexual freedom through getting birth control. For her this symbolises female empowerment. In contrast to her previous attempt to free her sexuality by allowing Constantin to seduce her, she will be her own active agent of change in freeing herself from the strict social codes for women. Esther begins to feel a disillusionment with men, after her realisation that Buddy Willard is a ‘hypocrite', she concludes ‘I knew that in spite of all the roses and kisses and restaurant dinners a man showered on a woman before he married her, what he secretly wanted when the wedding service ended was for her to flatten out underneath his feet like Mrs Willards kitchen mat'. This kitchen mat which is a utilitarian object, easily repaired or replaced, is used as a metaphor for a woman. This introduces a central theme of the novel, that of women being dominated by men. The image of being ‘flattened' is used many times in the novel to show the effect of men on women. It is used again in Chapter 5 when Esther describes how she felt ‘dull and flat and full of shattered visions' after a disappointing date with Buddy. The ‘kitchen mat' that Esther describes is a beautiful hand made rug that Buddys mother made. She spent lots of time making this mat, but when she is finished she just puts it on the kitchen floor for people to wipe their feet on. Esther sees this as a symbol of male oppression and the subsequent feeling that nothing a woman makes or does is of any merit. It is when around Buddy that Ether seems most repressed. This adds to the overall sense of confinement that Esther feels, but this aspect is wholly self-inflicted. One obstacle that Esther must overcome is her idealised and fairy-tale view of romantic relationships, in which she defines her and Buddys relationship in terms of a single kiss. The word ‘flattened' evokes connotations like beaten, weak and subjugated. Esther is, as most women during the fifties, expected to marry. Esther Greenwood sees herself as something other than primarily a housewife, and she uses a lot of her energy to try to avoid marrying the one she is expected – Buddy Willard. The word ‘bell' written ‘belle' was used during the nineteenth century for the ‘belle' of the ball. It was meant to be a positive term in American culture, and was used to describe a ladylike southern woman with many suitors. This was a woman who knew her role and was happy to be the desired object of her lover and to put all her energies into looking after her man and her family. In this interpretation, the ‘Belle' Jar could represent societal pressure to conform to this ideal and the trapped feelings these women my encounter. Buddy is the main representation of dominant oppressive male sexuality. He stifles her intellectually, telling her a poem is just ‘a piece of dust', and plays a dominant sexual role by exposing himself to her. Marco is a much more violent depiction of male sexuality, a ‘woman-hater' who attempts to rape Esther. He holds power over her, he is ‘invulnerable' because of his financial power and threatening sexuality, and brands her a slut. Critics have interpreted him as simply a more violent extension of Buddy Willlard, aggressive in his contempt for Esther and her sexuality, whereas Buddy is more subtle and passive. Plath parallels the earlier proposal by Buddy. Whereas Buddy asks for Esthers hand in marriage in exchange for her identity and freedom, Marco offers her a diamond, a symbol of marriage, in exchange for her sexual independence. This feeling or entrapment by men is related to a form of domestic entrapment. One way this is shown is in Esther's outlook towards having children. Plath presents having children as another form of entrapment. When describing child birth language from the semantic fields of confinement and unnaturalness are used. Esther describes childbirth itself as ‘a long, blind, doorless and windowless corridor of pain . . . waiting to open up and shut her in again'. This shows how she sees children as diminishing perception and confining their mothers in a trap they cannot even see out of because it is so all encompassing. The mother is described in inhuman terms with her ‘spider-fat stomach and two little ugly spindly legs' while making an ‘unhuman whooing noise'. This makes the reader feel sympathy towards this grotesque but pitiful monster. Robert Scholes interprets the language Plath uses in the childbirth as that of defamiliarisation. In this scene, for example, the narrator describes the delivery as if it were happening for the first time in history. From the point of view of the uninitiated observer, childbirth seems to be a frightening ritual in which a â€Å"dark fuzzy thing† finally emerges from â€Å"the split shaven place† between the woman's legs. It could be construed that Plath is trying to show the reader that having children is a form of martyrdom, sacrificing your self-identity for your children. A woman dies as a particular kind of woman when she bears a child, and she continues to die as the child feeds literally and metaphorically on her. Indeed, many of her poems depict childlessness as a kind of perfection. In Edge (Ariel), ‘The woman is perfected . . . Each dead child coiled . . . She has folded them back into her body'. This childless ‘perfection' also often signals death in her poetry, showing the view that a woman has no choice but to procreate, because if she does not, or if she changes her mind ‘folding them back into her body', she must die. Plath's fear of procreativity was, in large part, a fear of a resultant loss of creativity. Esther voices Plath's fear, â€Å"I . . . remembered Buddy Willard saying in a sinister, knowing way that after I had children I would feel differently, I wouldn't want to write poems any more. So I began to think maybe it was true that when you were married and had children it was like being brainwashed, and afterwards you went about numb as a slave in some private, totalitarian state. † The inclusion of totalitarianism evokes even stronger feelings of entrapment and being controlled by extraneous forces. Children are also shown to represent entrapment in the inclusion of the miscarried babies in bottles that Buddy takes her to see. These images represent women's traditional choices in life and the subsequent entrapment. Esther describes these in her usual detached voice, ‘the baby in the first bottle had a large white head bent over a tiny curled up body the size of a frog'. These ‘bottles' are similar to the central image of the ‘Bell Jar', and further highlight the reading that children lead to entrapment. This is also shown in Stopped Dead (Winter Trees), ‘A squeal of brakes. Or is it a birth cry? ‘. It seems Plath has the opinion that the minute a baby is born the mother's life ends in a squeal of brakes. Domestic entrapment can also be a trap of routine and chores. In Chapter 7 Esther notes how she cannot cook, or dance, or sing or know short hand, all the things that she would need to live her life by her mother's standards. Plath's letters to her mother and her novel both make it explicitly clear that Plath was confused and frustrated by the necessity of defining herself as a woman. In 1949, at age seventeen, she wrote, ‘I am afraid of getting married. Spare me from cooking three meals a day–spare me from the relentless cage of routine and rote. I want to be free. ‘ Plath herself wrote in her journal that it was â€Å"as if domesticity had choked me†. It could be said that her decision to finally end her life by sticking her head in a gas oven is a perfect symbolisation of that aspect of her experience. Plath's two-dimensional characterisation of Mrs Greenwood as a hard working and well intentioned woman, but one very much controlled by the guidelines society gave her regarding her role as a woman. She feels that Esther's English Major will not help her get a job, and that the only way that she will get a career is by learning shorthand. Esther would then be ‘in demand among all the up and coming young men', but she instinctively rebels against this view, ‘I hated the idea of serving men in any way. I wanted to dictate my own thrilling letters'. She is aware of the injustice in the occupational sphere, and refuses to abide by this unfair apportioning of status in society. The Bell Jar could also be construed as the ‘bell jar' of the character's depression. Depression and mental illness are almost universally described by the imagery of entrapment, from Bertha Mason, the mad alter ego of Jane trapped in the attic in Jane Eyre to the imagery of depression as a suffocating ‘black cloud' by Elizabeth Wurtzell in her 1996 portrait of depression. Esther's depression begins to fully emerge in Chapter 2, where she describes how she begins to feel while watching Doreen, her sexually voracious friend and Lenny ‘get more and more crazy about each-other'. She compares herself to ‘a black dot' signifying a feeling of insignificance, shame and dirtiness. Plath uses the analogy of travelling away from Paris on an ‘express caboose' to describe Esther's increasing feeling of detachment and unimportance: ‘every second the city gets smaller and smaller, only you feel it's really you getting smaller and smaller and lonelier and lonelier, rushing away from all those lights and that excitement at about a million miles an hour. ‘. This gives the reader the feeling of Esther helplessly falling into a deep depression, where the ‘excitement' of everyday life does not affect her. On Esther's way to Buddy at the sanatorium she describes the bleak land-scape and its effect on her mood. ‘ . . . the countryside, already deep under old falls of snow, turned us a bleaker shoulder, and as the fir trees crowded down from the grey hills to the road edge, so darkly green they looked black, I grew gloomier and gloomier'. Snow is often used to symbolise death, it could have been used in this instance for many reasons. Firstly, it could be because she is travelling to a TB sanatorium where many must have died. This illness and death that she is travelling toward is inextricably linked with sin in The Bell Jar, with Buddy being punished for his affair with a waitress by his TB and Esther punished for losing her virginity by haemorrhaging, so this blanket of death is particularly profound. Secondly, the snow could also foreshadow Esther's later suicide attempt from an overdose or sleeping pills in Chapter 13. The ‘crowding' ‘fir trees' could have been used to depict a feeling of entrapment. Esther's depression is later shown by her lack of motivation to do anything, even change her clothes or wash her hair. This melancholic inertia is shown in the paragraph: ‘I crawled back into bed and pulled the sheet over my head. But even that didn't shut out the light, so I buried my head under the darkness of the pillow and pretended it was night. I couldn't see the point of getting up. ‘ Esther feels trapped by her depression, it sedates her so fully that she does not even see any way out of it. Recurrent mirror and light images measure Esther's descent into the stale air beneath the bell jar. In the first chapter, when Esther returns from Lenny's apartment and enters the mirrored elevator of the Amazon Hotel, she notices â€Å"a big, smudgy-eyed Chinese woman staring idiotically into my face. It was only me, of course. I was appalled to see how wrinkled and used up I looked. † As she becomes increasingly trapped by her own mental state, her relationship with her own identity becomes increasingly disembodied, and the reflection in the mirror gradually becomes a stranger. Esther's depression and subsequent breakdown could be interpreted as a gradual abandonment of societal norms. It entails a series of rejections or separations from women who are associated with a stereotypical aspects of womanhood that Esther finds unacceptable. The novels heroine projects components of herself that represent patriarchally defined expectations of women onto other characters: her mother, Dodo Conway, Mrs Willard, then through her rejection of these characters she discards the aspects of herself that they personify. Every character can be seen as created to represent aspects of the world which confines Esther; with Buddy representing dominant male sexuality and broader forces of society, Dodo representing pressure to have children, Jay Cee being the pressure to have a successful career. The end of the novel sheds all of these forms of entrapment, societal, domestic, sexual and intellectual, virtually entirely. The ultimate chapter chiefly uses imagery of cleanliness and freedom. A ‘pure, blank sheet' of snow is described, but the reader now interprets the snow as representing a fresh start. She compares forgetfulness, that may help her ‘numb and cover' her memories, to ‘a kind snow', allowing her freedom from her worries. When Esther readies herself to meet the board of doctors who will certify her release from the hospital, she behaves as if she is preparing for a bridegroom or a date; she checks her stocking seams, muttering to herself â€Å"Something old, something new. . . . But,† she goes on, â€Å"I wasn't getting married. There ought, I thought, to be a ritual for being born twice – patched, retreaded, and approved for the road, I was trying to think of an appropriate one. . .† Critics who have been willing to see a reborn Esther have generally done so without ever questioning the appropriateness of the reference to a â€Å"retread† job. Susan Coyle writes that the tire image â€Å"seems to be accurate, since the reader does not have a sense of Esther as a brand-new, unblemished ‘tire' but of one that has been painst akingly reworked, remade†. Linda Wagner, for example, ignores this passage and concentrates on subsequent paragraphs, where the image of an â€Å"open door and Esther's ability to breathe are,† Wagner writes, â€Å"surely positive images. The ability the breathe serves as a contrast to the ‘sour air' under the Bell Jar. There is no doubt that the novel has a fairly high level of closure with most possibilities eliminated. The reader also knows that she had children, we become aware of this very early on in the construct of the story, so Esther obviously settles down into some sort of domesticity. Plath does not concede that Esther is fully cured, Esther even finally wonders whether she may be trapped by the bell jar again, but the novel concludes on a very optimistic note; that Esther is feel from the constraints that she previously felt.

Rent-A-Car Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

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360 Report of Guccio Gucci in China Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

360 Report of Guccio Gucci in China - Coursework Example These strategies include: advertising, craftsmanship, public relations, a touch of mythology, and word of mouth (Marketing Mentor, n.d.). In order to develop effective marketing campaing in China, it is vital to understand the luxry market in China and consumers’ behavior. The Chinese luxury market is huge and is projected to grow by 18% annually from 2010 to 2015, exceeding 20% of the global luxury market (GroupM and CIC 2011). Luxury buyers in China value the status they gain by wearing luxury goods. Chinese consumers like to show their off their shopping achievements and purchasing power. That is why sharing of shopping experience is common in the luxury segment (GroupM and CIC 2011). By developing a business expansion strategy in China, Gucci’s marketers have to focus on the top domestic markets by RMB 10 million-plus population. These cities inlcude: 1) Beijing, 2) Guangdong, 3) Shanghai, 4) Zhejiang, 5) Jiangsu, 6) Fujian, 7) Shandong, 8) Liaoning, 9) Sichuan, and 10) Henan (GroupM and CIC 2011). See the map below. Fast growing luxury market in China captures consumers with different motivations and behaviors. In order to develop effective marketing strategy for this Asian market, Gucci has to consider the purchase drivers common for Chinese luxury consumers. There are indentified four major segments of Chinese luxury consumers: aspirational buyers; quality pursuers; status seekers; trend setters (GroupM & CIC, 2011). Aspirational buyers are mainly white-collars and college students who are very sensitive to price and tend to purchase accessories of famous luxury brands. The purchase drivers include: brand awareness, style and design, and price (GroupM & CIC, 2011). For Qaulity pursuers quality and fine workmanship are the major criteria while purchasing the luxury brands. The purchase drivers include: quality, price, style and design (GroupM & CIC, 2011). The third category of Status seekers implies

Effect of Psychosocial Data on Health Research Paper

Effect of Psychosocial Data on Health - Research Paper Example This essay explores the key aspect in the determination of health as the socioeconomic status of the community. When the majority of the population, 126,011, is employed, they are able to afford good healthcare, which translates to better health. Furthermore, the number of people living below the poverty line also determines the health of the community. In the Jersey case, few people, 15.5%, live below the poverty line implying better health. The types of jobs that people do also determine their health. Some jobs involve more wear and tear as compared to others. This implies that the health of non-manual workers is better as compared to that of the manual workers. The manual industries include the less populated jobs in Jersey City; therefore, the health of the population is good. Education is also a key determinant of health and bearing in mind that majority of the people, 84.8%, have high school education and above, the health of the community is good since these people know how to lead healthy lifestyles. A good social support means that the community has better health care services. Therefore, the social support at Jersey City contributes to good health.

Consulting for Entertainment Weekly Q.4 Case Study

Consulting for Entertainment Weekly Q.4 - Case Study Example In this case, it can be observed that Disney started distributing videocassette and gave Lee the residue amount of 125% as agreed. However, Lee was dissatisfied because she felt that Lee was violating the contract. Disney defended himself by asserting that it is their policy not to allow profit sharing on voice participation deals. In addition, Disney gave evidence from other people who they had entered the contract with to substantiate his argument. Therefore, based on this case it can be observed that Lee was not aware that the agreement allowed Disney to make profits by distributing any other innovation such as cassettes recording. In addition, the contract was aimed at protecting Disney because it gave him absolute right of ownership on the recording (Bouckaert and Boudewijn, p.28). The testimony affects the interpretation of the parties’ intent on entering into the contract in that it violated one of the elements of a valid contract which states that for a contract to be valid there must be an intention of the contracting parties to create a binding relationship. In this case, there was no binding relationship between the two parties. This is because Disney had an absolute right over Lee. In addition, Disney was not willing to create a binding relationship that could have been enforced by the law (Ryan, Daniel, p.8). Ryan, Daniel P. Essential Principles of Contract and Sales Law in the Northern Pacific: Federated States of Micronesia, the Republics of Palau and the Marshall Islands, and the United States Territories. New York: universe, 2005.

Compensation Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Compensation Strategy - Essay Example However, any compensation strategy must bear the interest and goals of the company and the employee. As such, to achieve this balance, variant compensation strategies apply uniquely in a given company. This paper highlights and evaluates three compensation strategies that can apply in our manufacturing company. Moreover, it will recommend the modes of applying these compensation strategies while considering the company and employee’s interests. Introduction A compensation strategy refers to the planned utilization of the pay system as a fundamental integrating mechanism geared towards achieving company objectives and rewarding employees subject to limitations within the company (Gomez-Mejia, Berrone, & Franco-Santos, 2010). As the human resources manager in our manufacturing company, I have the mandate of evaluating the different compensation strategies that are available for adoption within our organization. Actually, the best compensation strategy will ensure attraction and retention of critical employees. Our manufacturing company has 120 employees and various compensation strategies can apply to them. The compensation strategies that I will evaluate in this paper include the Competitive strategy, Retention-based strategy, and the performance- based strategy. I will hence compare and contrast them with an aim of applying them in our organization. Indeed, the compensation strategies should be reasonable to both the employees and the company itself (Deb, 2009). I will therefore determine recommendations on how to implement them within our organization. Research findings I have done substantial research on the three compensation strategies and gathered relevant information that can help in the application of these strategies in our manufacturing company. Most specifically, in the competitive strategy, the company pays employees the market rate. On the other hand, in the retention-based strategy, the employees earn more as they stay in the company. Additi onally, in the performance- based strategy, the pay relates to the performance of an employee, the team or the entire organization. Specific findings on each compensation strategy follow here in. Findings on the competitive strategy It is notable that one of the main goals of any company is to remain competitive in the market and where possible gain competitive advantage over other competitors (Kumar, 2010). As such, the competitive strategy seeks to retain existing employees in offering them rewards that equal to industry standards. Additionally, this compensation strategy seeks to attract potential employees by motivating them to join the company as it offers compensation that meets what others in the industry offer (Petroleum Human Resources Council of Canada, 2012). Nevertheless, the competitive strategy offers the reference company no competitive advantage over its competitors since its compensation rates are at par with those of its competitors. Hence, this strategy may not mo tivate employees to remain in the company for a long time. Indeed, this strategy keeps the management at risk of fluctuating wages, as the industry would dictate. As such, where the company cannot keep up with the escalating wages, then there is a high risk of employee turnover. Moreover, the existing employees are at a high risk of leaving the company if another company offers higher rewards than the reference com

Shopping Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Shopping - Essay Example In addition, such clothes keep on changing over the time, steadily and with considerable thought going into the design of new concepts. The western style military uniforms adopted by many modern military regimes brings in view the fact that even these garments are directly influenced by fashion, where shopping has absolutely no concern. The shopping can be restricted to a particular age where as fashion cannot be restricted, we cannot expect a child to go out for shopping and buying heavy stuff and clothing material but we can for sure expect a child to go out to visit a barber and get and stylish cut in the form of service which is also reflecting fashion, perhaps more natural one. But if we get more honest here then we should relate fashion to a particular gender, as we all know that women have a greater part in fashion to play where as men have little. Sawchuk once quoted in 1987 that, "Women's love of clothes, cosmetics, jewellery, their obsession with style and fashion, reinforces the myth that we are narcissistic and materialistic. In turn, this reinforces capitalism, which depends upon this obsession with our bodies for the marketing of new products"(Craik 1994: 47). Lets emphasize on another point which is perhaps more well defined in explaining that fashion is another major aim behind shopping. Just imagine what happens when anyone goes out for shopping, lets put some light behind the entire process starting from the designer or maker to the customer. Lets consider the example of any modern rising brand such as Christian Dior, the company previously was not allocating the need in the men's segment and was manufacturing perfumes and few other apparel for women, the... This essay declares that the shopping can be restricted to a particular age where as fashion cannot be restricted, we cannot expect a child to go out for shopping and buying heavy stuff and clothing material but we can for sure expect a child to go out to visit a barber and get and stylish cut in the form of service which is also reflecting fashion, perhaps more natural one. But if we get more honest here then we should relate fashion to a particular gender, as we all know that women have a greater part in fashion to play where as men have little. This paper makes a conclusion that there is another interesting point about fashion and that is at times we cannot simply relate fashion with shopping, simply by acknowledging that not all clothing is fashion, all clothing systems have at least a distant relationship with fashion systems and stylistic conventions. Military, religious and legal clothing can be related to earlier dress codes where associations of tradition, authority, order and distinctiveness are purposely called upon. Such clothes keep on changing over the time, steadily and with considerable thought going into the design of new concepts. The western style military uniforms adopted by many modern military regimes brings in view the fact that even these garments are directly influenced by fashion, where shopping has absolutely no concern. Shopping is not just related to the usual buying but it is much related to fashion.

Researching the adoption of technology-based self-service within an Dissertation

Researching the adoption of technology-based self-service within an organizational strategic orientation context as a form of su - Dissertation Example In all a total of 20 participants provided their knowledge, experience, and perspective in gaining more of an insight into the research question. The strategy for the data is in the focused area of identifying the characterized elements that either improve or restrain the organization to meeting their designed M-S type approach. The findings revealed in each questionnaire an understanding to that the marketplace share is only increased with a purposeful mission of implemented strategy. The overall counterpart is the bridging of resources for formulating a well-through planning initiative that presents innovative measures for the marketplace (Haritz-Menne, 2004). The Defined Miles and Snow Strategic Typology represent the key area of focus to highlighting the main areas of questionnaire for the participants. Therefore, the 7 main questions within the area of Defined Miles and Snow Strategic Typology create a lasting impression of defining either SCA is the preferred method. The true m anagement approach for are structured within the four sub-categories of accountability: a. Prospector b. Reactors c. Defenders d. Analyzers The survey questionnaire is the following of a comparative notion that relays on a quantitative and qualitative assessment of reliability of answering the research question: 1. ... 4. In comparison to our competitors, the increases or losses in demand which we have experienced are due most probably to practices indicated. 5. One of the most important goals in my company, in comparison to our competitors, is our dedication and commitment to keeping costs within desired levels. 6. In contrast to our competitors, the competencies (skills) which our managerial position. 7. The one thing that protects our organization from our competitors is that we formulate a method to structure the strategy approach. 8. More so than many of our competitors, our management staff tends to concentrate on certain protocols for increasing financial opportunities The analysis of the data presented from the survey revealed in the 7th questionnaire the following assessment of accountability: 1. In comparison to our competitors, the products/services which we provide to our customers are bet characterized in the marketplace. 10 out of the 20 participants presented a more direct approach b y a Prospector indicating a measure that entails: products/services which are more innovated, continually changing and broader in nature throughout the organization and marketplace. 7 out of the 20 participants presented a more direct approach by Analyzers indicating a measure that entails: products/services which are fairly stable in certain units/departments and markets while innovation in other units/departments and markets. 3 out of the 20 participants presented a more direct approach by Defenders indicating a measure that entails: products/services which are well focused, relatively stable and consistently defined throughout the organization and marketplace. 2. In contrast to our competitors, our organizations have an image in the marketplace as a

Kant and Categorical Imperatives Essay Example for Free

Kant and Categorical Imperatives Essay In order to evaluate ones actions whether they are moral or not, we use many moral dilemmas. One of them is Kants categorical imperative. This essay presents Kants project of categorical imperative. Then, I will explain that rulers should appeal to Kants categorical imperative when making foreign policy decision. In order to support my point of view, I will give importance to the reasons of why rulers appeal to categorical imperative when making foreign policy, so I have two reasons for this. One of them is that states depend on each other in economically and politically. Thus, in order to provide this stability which means that continue to stay among other states, states should act through the principles of categorical imperative which are universally valid, good intention and never using people or other states as means to end. The second reason is that if rulers appeal to categorical imperative when making foreign policy decisions, the world can be more peaceful. Since, wars and conflicts which are caused by bad intention, using other people or states as means for gaining advantages which are not universally valid can be hindered by categorical imperatives. Finally, I will conclude that the Kants categorical imperatives are still valid and necessary when rulers are making foreign policy decisions. If we explain briefly Kants categorical imperative, there are basically three principles that represent it. These are universal law, ends as a means and the importance of intention in conducting of human behaviour. Firstly, according to Kant, ones action should be universally valid. Universal validity means that people should think behaviours and they need to judge their own behaviours or actions are morally acceptable or not. When you think of your behaviour, if you decide that everyone acts in the same way with me, then the action become universal and moral. The second principle of categorical imperative is that people must respect others and never use them for achieving some goals. Lastly, the third but the most important criterion of categorical imperative is maxim, which means intention. Moral value is determined by the intention of people, which is called general maxim. If your intention is good, then your action is moral. The consequences of your action are not important, the most important thing is your intention. For this reason, being moral in your actions depends on the universal validity. However, it does not matter that how your actions conclude on others whether they are good or bad. In order to explain the first reason of why rulers should appeal to categorical imperative when making foreign policy decisions, we can think about the growing trade between the states. States become more interdependent when trades among various states expand. Interdependence is not only important economically but also politically because all economic or business activity depends on political positions of the states. When states trade between each other, they become mutually dependent on each others political advantages. Also, world markets are influenced by politics and states power in the world markets depends on its foreign policy. So, states should establish good relations with other states. For this reason, when making foreign policy decisions, ruler should appeal to categorical imperative. Firstly, rulers actions must be universally valid. If states foreign decisions are internally valid, then state cannot benefit from this politically and economically. For example, if the state decide to change the price of its export goods up without approval of other states, then states could not sell its goods whose price increase, because other states want to buy the same goods from another country whose price is cheaper. Second point is that if states intention is bad and this kind of intention is understood by other states, this state is reproached by other states, which have a relation with this state. As a result of this, the state that is reproached becomes alone in the world market and world policy without any advantage both politically and economically. Because of that, states should have a good intention when they have relations with other states. The second reason is that principles of categorical imperative can provide peace and order if rulers appeal to them when making foreign policy decisions. Since, states start to think universally while acting toward other states instead of being self-interested. Moreover, acting with good intentions and not using people or other states as means provide justice and order in the world. Since, each state wants to be powerful and they try to get more power than other states. It means that in order to reach their aims, they simply can use other foreign policy actors as tools. In other words, they can use other states as a means to their ends. As a result of this kind of action, war between states is inevitable. It is because when one state can act in that way toward others then, other states also act in similar way. For this reason, their interests can be probably conflicted and chaos in world politics can arise. However, if states take into account the principles of categorical imperative, there will be probably no conflict or chaos in the world politics. In conclusion, when the principles of categorical imperative are concerned, we easily realise that they depend on each other and they help us to evaluate the actions, which are moral. These principles of categorical imperative have the same goal that is being moral. For to be moral, the actions should be universal and should not have the aim of using others in order to gain advantages. If rulers conduct through the principles of categorical imperative then, it is obvious that the world would be more peaceful and fair. However, these obligations are not put into practise in todays world politics. But, it is enough to know that categorical imperative is still valid and is necessary to apply to todays conditions of foreign policy.

Challenges of Protecting Americas Critical Infrastructure

Challenges of Protecting Americas Critical Infrastructure One undisputable fact regards the significant role that the critical infrastructure plays in the provision of crucial services that a society needs for it thrive. For example, the power and water used in homes, security, transport and communication networks, and shopping stores among others together offer a society a good infrastructural base (Clark Hakim, 2017). Therefore, the following paper is keen in addressing some of main challenges to safeguard the United States critical infrastructure. It is based on the thesis statement; Critical infrastructure is fragile and sensitive to peoples needs therefore, should be accorded an enduring protection at all times in America and the rest of the world. In addressing the challenges that America encounters in its effort to protect the critical infrastructure, one should bear in mind the following useful questions; first, what does America consider as a critical infrastructure? Secondly, as a citizen of the United States, are you part of the solution or problem in safeguarding the infrastructure? Lastly, are measures put in place effective to offer a coordinated national effort in managing risks associated with critical infrastructure? It is not an easy task building critical infrastructure in any nation. Therefore, it requires a combined effort from both the government and all stakeholders in ensuring its safety and proper use as stipulated. In overall, America currently possesses almost sixteen critical infrastructure sectors which it deems essential to its economy. Its critical infrastructure includes; utilities, refineries, military defense systems, water and electricity among other facilities it relies on every day. It means that the destruction or incapacitation would have a significant negative effect on security, public health and economic security among others (Clark Hakim, 2017). In ensuring that its critical infrastructure is safe, it has established the office of Infrastructure Protection (IP). The office is mandated in leading the combined national effort in controlling potential risks to its critical infrastructure. As a result, the nation has been able to provide an enhanced security in Americas physical and cyber infrastructure. Challenges of protecting Americas critical infrastructure First, the Americas critical infrastructure faces a major problem of hackers who steal confidential and sensitive information, interfere with processes and destroy much equipment. For instance, Industrial Control System modules of the HAVEX Trojan that got recently discovered offer a good example. The malware infected many of the Americas critical facilities simply by fixing itself to the crucial software updates (Zio, 2016). The attack is a significant threat especially to the production of sensitive and confidential information. One of the critical infrastructure affected the threat from the hackers involves the military defense system. For example, the hackers steal useful information thus derailing the strategies designed by the military officers. Secondly, Americas critical infrastructure faces the constant terrorists attacks. It has emerged as a potential challenge to infrastructure besides affecting the private sectors. The possibility and impacts of a terrorist attacks could be determined by a range of strategies created by the nations executive team of experts (Zio, 2016). The uncertainty involved in knowing when a terrorists attack would take place has made the possibility of future terrorist events difficult to predict. This way, there has been an increased difficulty in ascertaining the efficiency of economic public infrastructure. Finally, America like any other nation needs efficient and reliable infrastructure for well performance of its functions. As pointed in the thesis; Critical infrastructure is fragile and sensitive to peoples needs therefore, should be accorded an enduring protection at all times in America and the rest of the world, critical infrastructure is susceptible to challenges posed by hackers and terrorist attacks. Therefore, due to uncertainty of predicting a likelihood attack and destruction; there is a need for coordinated national efforts to help in managing the challenges. References Clark, R. M., Hakim, S. (2017). Protecting Critical Infrastructure at the State, Provincial, and Local Level: Issues in Cyber-Physical Security. In Cyber-Physical Security (pp. 1-17). Springer International Publishing. Zio, E. (2016). Challenges in the vulnerability and risk analysis of critical infrastructures. Reliability Engineering System Safety, 152, 137-150.

The House of Bernarda Alba Essay -- Drama

The House of Bernarda Alba The National theatre Choose one production that you have seen and which you particularly enjoyed and discuss the aspects which made it so successful? The House of Bernarda Alba is a tragedy by Lorca which was set in Spain in the early 1930’s during the Spanish civil war and is about five daughters whose life’s resolve around their mother Bernarda Alba. The girls are repressed by there mother which could be why he wrote this play, to express his feelings and show through the characters how he felt during life as he was repressed for being gay â€Å"better never to lay eyes on a man, never to have seen one’. I enjoyed ‘The House of Bernarda Alba’ as many aspects of the play were successful. There was a large, complicated realistic set like Stanislavski would use with period costumes and props which allowed the audience to see it visually which helped believability in the play as it contributed to the realistic acting. It helped you feel like you were in Spain, as a hot climate was suggested through the set; it was exotic, light and Spanish looking. The props gave a sense of the period the play was set for example the radio, the bell, the wash basin and the sewing machines were all authentic. The set was in Bernarda Alba’s house which was a grand mansion with a gilt, lofty ceiling. I think the towering interior clearly represented the distorted mind of Bernarda Alba. The house was a very open, free place for the girls to roam around in. It had a courtyard in the centre, light green walls making it seem larger and many plants, showing the outside was brought inside. I felt this was a success as the set showed how Bernarda Alba didn’t want the girls to leave the house as there were closed shutters down to the floor; this showed the girls were isolated from the outside world. The set designer has evidently striven to create a physical space which represented psychological unease There were four stone pillars which I feel could have represented four of the daughters and the last daughter was represented by the drain shaped as a cross on the courtyard, which showed she died. I also felt that the pillars were successful as they might signify the house is like a prison for the girls, and they are the bars. There were two stained glass windows one which was broken which gave a sense that once the... ... came across as controlling by her strict tone of voice. It was successful the way the director showed the girls as fearful of the mother. Every time someone would stroll in the room they would jump as they thought it was their mother and if their mother did come in they would sit down immediately and sit in silence sewing. If their mother asked them a question you would hear a fearful tremble in their voice as they replied showing they lived in fear of their mother. Another way in which the actors of the girls were effective is the way they reacted to men. The only men the girls would ever see apart from their father, was the man who delivers the fabric. So in the play when Pepe came to the door all the girls would get excited and start jumpy around screaming as they ran out the door. I feel this play was generally a very successful piece of realistic drama because of the set, costumes, lighting and the acting. It had a detailed set and several strong actors which helped bring the play to life as well as real rain at the end to create a dramatic effect. Long silences were used in the play to produce tension and it used comedy and tragedy to engage the audience.

A Child Called Essay -- Essays Papers

A Child Called Amelia Mary Earhart was born on July 24, 1897 in Atchison, Kansas. She was the daughter of a railroad attorney and had a younger sister named Muriel. Amelia was a tomboy and was always interested in learning. She was educated at Columbia University and Harvard Summer School. She taught English to immigrant factory workers. During World War I, Amelia was a volunteer in a Red Cross hospital. Amelia heard of a woman pilot, Neta Snook, who gave flying lessons. She had her first lesson on January 2, 1921. On July 24, 1921, Amelia bought her first plane, a prototype of the Kinner airplane and named it â€Å"The Canary.† In 1928, she accepted the invitation of the American pilots Wilmer Stultzman and Louis Gordon to join them on a transatlantic flight, becoming the first woman to make the crossing by air She described the flight in a book she wrote, 20 Hours. 40 Minutes. After that flight, Amelia made a career of flying. Aviation was a new concept and the industry looked for ways to improve its image. In 1921, Amelia was appointed Assistant to the General Traffic Manager and Transcontinental Air Transport (TWA) with a special responsibility of attracting women passengers. Amelia organized a cross-country air race for women pilots in 1929, the Los Angeles to Cleveland Women’s Air Derby, later called the â€Å"Powder Puff Derby.† Amelia placed third in this race. After the race, Amelia had a meeting in her hotel room in Cleveland with other women pilots. She formed a women’s pilot organization called the â€Å"Ninety-Nines† because of the ninety-nine applicants. She served as the organization’s first president. Amelia continued to work for TWA and was writing regular articles for Cosmopolitan and other magazines, and had speaking engagements in many cities across the country. In 1930, she broke several women’s speed records in her Lockheed Vega aircraft. In 1931, she wrote a book about those exciting experiences called The Fun of It. By early 1932, no other person had successfully flown solo across the Atlantic Ocean since Charles Lindbergh. Amelia decided she would be the first woman to fly solo over the Atlantic. She would not duplicate Lindbergh’s course, but would fly from Harbour Grace, Newfoundland and the British Isles would be her destination. On May 20, 1932, exactly five years a... ...nconfirmed sightings have been reported and there are many theories of their fate. Some of those theories are that Amelia was a on a spy mission authorized by President Roosevelt and was captured; that she purposely dove her aircraft into the Pacific; they were captured by the Japanese, Noonan was executed and Earhart was forced to broadcast to the American GI’s as â€Å"Tokyo Rose† during World War II; and another theory is that Amelia lived for years on an island in the South Pacific with a native fisherman. In 1961 it was thought that the bones of Earhart and Noonan had been found on the island of Saipan, but they turned out to be those of Saipan natives. In 1992, a search party reported finding remnants of the Electra at Nikumaroro, Kiribati, but those claims were disputed by people who worked on Earhart’s plane. Researches believe that the plane ran out of fuel and that Earhart and Noonan died at sea. Amelia Earhart spent most of her lifetime establishing the permanent role of women in aviation. She became an international heroine overnight as the first woman to fly across the Atlantic Ocean. Amelia’s disappearance is still a mystery, but her enduring legacy remains.

Sexual Harassment in the Workplace Essay -- Quid pro quo harassment, h

Sexual harassment is a crippling reality in the work environment. The effects can be ravaging to an organization, to the individual harassed, fellow employees, and the harasser. Sexual harassment is not necessarily about sex, it is certainly about power. When someone at work uses sexual behavior to control you, whether it is behavioral or physical in nature, that is sexual harassment. The exploration of this issue will include a definition of sexual harassment, the intent and behavior of the harasser, the effects sexual harassment has on the harassed, the negative impact sexual harassment has on an organization, procedures and processes of filing a sexual harassment complaint, and management perspective including preventive measures that should be taken. Sexual harassment is defined as any form of unwelcome physical conduct of a sexual nature. "Unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature constitutes sexual harassment when submission to or rejection of this conduct explicitly or implicitly affects an individual?s employment, unreasonable interferes with an individual?s work performance or creates an intimidating, hostile or offensive work environment." (www.eeoc.gov/facts/fs-sex.html). The most extreme form of sexual harassment occurs when an employee loses a job; benefit or other privilege of employment, or is fired because the employee has rejected sexual demands. This is one form of sexual harassment that may occur in the workplace. "This type of sexual harassment of sexual harassment is referred to as quid pro quo which literally means ?this for that?, a specific demand for sexual favors in exchange for job security or job benefits. This type of sexual ... ... A. Mitsubishi settles Workers? Disputes under pressure from NOW. NOW. (Fall 1998) Internet: http://www.now.org/nnt/fall-98/wfw.html 3. Larsen, Shawn. Sexual Harassment-frequencies by gender. (September 1995) Internet: http://www.vix.com/pub/men/harass/studies/larsen.html 4. McCoy-Ullrich,Dawn. Sexual harassment at work. Lifewise: Office Politics. (May 2000) Internet: http://www.acmi.canoe.ca/LifewiseWorkOffice00/0515_dawn.html 5. Myrianthopoulos, Thalia. Supreme Court Restricts Civil Rights Remedies. NOW. (Fall, 1999) Internet: http://www.now.org/nnt/fall-99/spcourt.html 6. http://www.pennellseminars.com/seminars_sexual_harassment.html 7. http://ww.eeoc.gov/facts/fs-sex.html 8.http://www.resourcehr.com/Dealing%20With%2?1%20Harassment%20in%20the%20Workplace.html 9.http://www.flabar.org/newflabar/consumerservices/General/Consumer.Pam/37PAMPH.HTML

Compare & Contrast: Homelessness is More Appealing

Many of us will never be homeless, and not everyone understands the benefit of having a wife, but after reading the essays’, Homeless (Quindlen, A. n. d. ) and I Want a Wife (Brady, J. 1971), one can gain a better understanding of both. I am a wife. Therefore, I can certainly connect with the narrator’s story of I Want a Wife. This is a narrative essay, in which the narrator reflects on why she too would like to have a wife after a visit with a recently divorced male friend, who is looking for a new wife.The narrator gives a list of duties and activities she will and will not do if she had a wife, and she can visualize the benefits a wife could afford her with less responsibilities and more time for school or friends. My other essay of choice is quite different in theme, but it is still relatable. Anne Quindlen’s essay, Homeless (n. d. ) is a short descriptive essay with the narrator retelling of an account when she met a woman, who she believes is homeless, at t he bus terminal. It is during the encounter that the narrator reflects on homeless people in general, the homeless individual and about herself.Both of these essays’ are well written, however, I feel that Homeless (Quindlen, A. n. d. ), is a more appealing essay than I Want a Wife (Brady, J. 1971), as it allows the reader to become more engaged in the descriptions and reflect on the details of the story. Whenever I first start reading any type of literature, the first thing I notice is the writing style of the author and the point of view (POV) of the narrator. Key elements of the writing style for me are POV, tone, pace, and conciseness when possible. The point of view is important to the reader as it may not be theirs.This should cause the reader to pay closer attention to details. How much credibility does the narrator offer. The tone of a story is set at the very beginning. The tone along with a good hook should grab the reader’s attention so they want to continue reading. For me, both essays Homeless and I Want a Wife captured my interest with the very first sentence. When the opening sentence of an essay starts with â€Å"I belong to that classification of people known as wives,† (I Want a Wife) that certainly can catch the attention of another wife. This opening drew me in because I wanted to know what she meant by this statement.The tone is set; wives are in a class of their own, and the narrator has my attention. Now, she will tell us from her point of view why she wants a wife, too. Homeless, is similar in that it also grabs the reader just by introducing a character, location, and time of year in its brief opening sentence. However, I do think that this opening is more appealing than I Want a Wife. The details the narrator gives the reader create a clear mental image of the scene. In addition, the second sentence reveals just enough to keep the reader interested in what the narrator has to say, â€Å"I was doing a story on home less people,† (Homeless, para 1).Again, the tone is set; it is January at the bus terminal where the narrator, who is doing research on homeless people, meets such a person, Ann. It is also in the first sentence we know it is the narrator’s story as she describes her experience and conversation with Ann. With the narrator sharing her experience and conversation with the reader, she has invited them into her story making it more personal. Another similarity between these two essays is the author’s use of appropriate language for the material, the audience, and the year of publication.I Want a Wife, written in 1971, was a period when the feminist movement was active. Women were looking for equality in the work place but also at home. The essay, published in the magazine Ms. , makes me believe the writer’s original target audience is that of other wives, future wives, and anyone else who reads Ms. Magazine. Her simple statements, or as I like to call it, her laundry list as to why it would be great if she had a wife, are easy to relate to as many of us perform these duties on a daily basis. In Homeless, the setting of the story, January at the bus terminal, leaves it to the reader’s imagination of the year.The topic of the essay, homeless people, is timeless as it is has been an ongoing problem for decades. The language the narrator uses is simplistic yet descriptively concise. It still gives enough detail to help you feel connected to what the narrator is saying. You can feel her emotions through her words. I believe her target audience is everyone. As the narrator states, â€Å"[We] walk around it when it is lying on the sidewalk or sitting in the bus terminal—the problem, that is. † She is playing upon the reader’s emotions by pointing out how many people ignore the problem even when we come face to face with it at times.I feel this essay can transcend time because of the specific descriptive words the aut hor uses to engage the reader. In addition, until homelessness becomes obsolete, this will be an issue society will continue to discuss. I do not believe the same can be said about I Want a Wife. Reading this essay now seems irrelevant in 2013, whereas in 1971, this was a reality for some wives. While I found both essays well written and share similar key elements in writing style and appropriate language, I found Homeless, to be a more appealing read.The topic of the essay, homeless people, is a current issue we continue to face in society today, which makes it more relatable to the reader. It causes the reader to use their imagination, critical thinking skills, and reflect on a somewhat sensitive topic. I think the topic of I want a Wife, is appropriate for the period it was written, but it does not really apply to today’s families. The structure of the family has changed dramatically in the last forty years. No longer is it the norm for the wife to be the one to shoulder a ll of the family responsibility.In more households than not, it is now a shared responsibility. Even though Judy Brady’s essay can cause the reader to reflect on how life was for wives during that era, it does not really fit our society today. Reading the essay now, it seems more of a farce than the feminist statement it was of 1971. Another appealing aspect of Homeless is the description and detail the narrator uses. She creates visual images with her words that capture and engage the reader. Some of the visual images that were memorable to me are the description of Ann, her photo, and the narrator’s own ferocity for the love of her own home.The narrator’s description of the grime that creases Ann’s bags and raincoat give you a clear picture of her appearance. The description of the yellow house in the photo, â€Å"with the aluminum siding and a chain-link fence, a narrow driveway running up to a one-car garage, and a patch of backyard,† (Homeless para 2) gives the reader a distinct image of the house. It is through these descriptions that I have a better understanding of both the characters and their perspective of homeless.I Want a Wife, while well written and entertaining, it did not appeal to my emotional side like Homeless. I felt as though the narrator was giving us her laundry list and doing so without any emotion. She does not invite the reader into the story, as the structure is very chaotic and unorganized. In addition, she often repeats herself throughout the essay, which makes it difficult to get a clear picture of any one thought as she moves quickly from one idea to the next. Each essay shares similar key elements of writing style and appropriate language.They both capture their targeted audience with creative introductions that pull the reader into the story. The authors’ use of simple statements and descriptions allow for easy reading and understanding of the topic, however I believe that Homeless was more successful in engaging the reader’s senses. Anna Quindlen used specific descriptions and details to bring the reader into her story. Her topic is one that everyone understands; as it is, still an issue society faces today. She appeals to our emotions and causes the reader to reflect on their own life and those affected by it.

Lincoln: the Great Emancipator Essay

Until it was abolished in 1865, slavery thrived in the United States since the nation’s beginnings in the colony of Jamestown in 1607. In 1776, the founding fathers stated that â€Å"all men are created equal† when they declared independence and started a war that freed the 13 colonies from the oppressive rule of Great Britain. However, after â€Å"the land of the free† had been established, slavery had yet to be eliminated. After the war of 1812, sectionalism began to grow prevalent in America. The Industrial Revolution in the early to mid-1800s advanced the country technologically while further dividing it as the North became industrialized and the South became more agrarian and reliant on slave labor. Sectionalism was increased by westward expansion, and began to manifest itself in American politics. The country could have gone to war by the early 1800s, but various political compromises held the two sections together for another half of a century. The Missouri Compromise of 1820 and the Compromise of 1850 are two important examples. Tensions built over the 40 years of compromise. Abolitionists worked to gain support in the North while they caused outrage in the South. In the government, everything had to be compromised and everything was a competition, such as legislature and westward expansion. Fortunately, when sectionalism and tensions around slavery boiled over, Abraham Lincoln came to the forefront of US politics. He created a reputation for himself and the Republican Party with a political platform against the expansion of slavery. He became known in the South as an abolitionist through the Lincoln-Douglas debates, and his election in 1860 sparked the secession of 11 southern states from the Union and the beginning of the Civil War. Abraham Lincoln was the most important contributor to ending slavery in America because of his actions toward winning the Civil War and emancipating the slaves, and he was able to do this because he was an extraordinary politician who handled the circumstances as nobody else could have managed. Abraham Lincoln’s ability as a politician was crucial in his role as commander-in-chief of the US army during the Civil War, because to end slavery, Lincoln knew he had to win the war. The first thing Lincoln did as president, in his Inaugural Address, was try to calm the frantic South, re-stating that he had â€Å"no purpose, directly or indirectly, to interfere with the institution of slavery where it exists,† (Halsall). Lincoln’s  primary goal was to preserve the Union. As he put it, â€Å"If I could save the union without freeing any slave, I would do it,† (Majerol, 25-26). He needed the support for the war from the Northern citizens, many of whom were not abolitionists. Lincoln was faced with another difficult issue throughout the Civil War. Four states—Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, and Delaware—held slaves but remained in the Union. If Lincoln waged a war that strongly opposed slavery, he risked losing those Border States to the Confederacy, which would probably cost him the war. Another issue that Lincoln had to deal with over the course of the war was incompetent generals. Lincoln discharged many of his generals throughout the war, which made it difficult to carry out his plans. In a telegram to General McClellan, Lincoln urged him to attack Lee â€Å"The present hesitation to move upon an entrenched enemy is but the story of Manassas repeated,† but McClellan ignored the order (Ayers et. al, 369). It was not until Lincoln appointed Ulysses S. Grant commander of all Union armies that he started having consistent success. If Lincoln had not been elected president, slavery may have continued for much longer in America. Besides the fact that Lincoln, as commander-in-chief, lead the Union Army to win the Civil War, the many proposed compromises in 1860 and 1861 might have allowed slavery to continue in America, such as the Crittenden Compromise. Another important way that Lincoln’s skill as a politician benefited the Union was his treatment of the Confederacy. Lincoln reasoned that since it is unconstitutional to secede from the Union, the Confederacy and its government was illegitimate, and Lincoln’s administration refused to recognize the Confederacy’s independence. This became important later in the war when other nations refused to recognize the Confederacy’s independence. When the time was right, Abraham Lincoln masterfully changed the ideology of the war to focus on slavery, and he used the slaves themselves as a powerful force in the war and on the home front. Lincoln did this through the First and Second Confiscation Acts, the Emancipation Proclamation, and his Second Inaugural Address. Early in the war, three slaves escaped to the Union Army, raising the question of what to do with fugitive slaves. Under the Fugitive Slave Act, they had to be returned to their owners in the Confederacy. However, Lincoln adopted an ingenious policy of taking slaves as â€Å"contraband  of war,† treating them as property as the Confederacy did. Lincoln went on to sign the First Confiscation Act in August 1861, which emancipated slaves that escaped to Union lines. In July 1862, Lincoln signed the Second Confiscation Act, which essentially gave him the authority to emancipate the slaves in Confederate territory (on the grounds that they helped the war effort and were contraband). This legislation helped the Union Army greatly. Over 190,000 soldiers, sailors, and workers came to the Union Army from the Confederacy (McPherson, 193), and at the end of the war, African Americans made up 20 percent of the Union Army (Majerol, 26). The escaped slaves also influenced soldiers in the army who now â€Å"were talking with real men and women who had been (and perhaps still were) slaves,† (Goodheart, 15). However, a vastly more important document was the Emancipation Proclamation. Lincoln drafted the document in July 1862 and showed it to his cabinet. William Seward reminded him of the importance of timing, so Lincoln waited until the army won the Battle of Antietam to issue the Proclamation. In a letter Lincoln wrote in 1864, he stated â€Å"when, early in the war, Gen. Fremont attempted military emancipation, I forbade it, because I did not then think it in indispensable necessity.† Lincoln then cites two more examples of him holding off efforts at emancipation (Fehrenbacher, 257). When it was issued on January 1, 1863, the Emancipation Proclamation was a turning point in the ideology of the war. It took a war that had been officially about preserving the Union and made it about ending slavery. The Emancipation Proclamation was a bold move for Lincoln to make because of the pro-slavery Border States. Lincoln had made â€Å"earnest, and successive appeals† there for compensated emancipation, but was rejected (Fehrenbacher, 257). He then had to make a choice between â€Å"surrendering the Union† or â€Å"laying a strong hand upon the colored element,† hoping to outweigh losses with benefits (Fehrenbacher, 258). Over a year later, Lincoln said he felt no losses, and a gain of 130,000 soldiers, seamen, and laborers. Lincoln certainly had good timing when he issued the Emancipation Proclamation. Britain and France were coming closer to aiding the Confederacy, and in Britain’s case, they only wanted the Confederacy to win one more battle to prove that they were on the winning side of the war. Antietam was a terrible loss for the South, and Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation prevented Britain and France from aiding the Confederacy because they both had  anti-slavery governments, and the war was now about slavery. The Emancipation Proclamation was a wise move for Lincoln as an abolitionist, because it allowed blacks to fight in the military, which might lead to citizenship and the right to vote for blacks (â€Å"Civil War Black Soldiers†). Lastly, Lincoln focused public attention on the issue of slavery in his Second Inaugural Address, reminding the people know what their brothers were fighting for. Abraham Lincoln’s most important quality was that he was a great politician, which allowed him to manage the difficult situations put before him in order to provide actual results that ultimately ended slavery in America. Among these results were Union victory in the Civil War, the Emancipation Proclamation, the First and Second Confiscation Acts, the Gettysburg Address, and the Thirteenth Amendment. The Union victory in the Civil War is a simple fact, but it was the most indispensable step to the end of slavery in America. Ending slavery meant nothing if the Union did not win the war and control the South again. Additionally, without a war in the first place, slavery might not have ended. It is possible that a compromise could have held the divided nation together without putting an end to slavery. Lincoln’s talent as a politician was also crucial in the Emancipation Proclamation when he released it in time to prevent any foreign nations from intervening and aiding the Confederacy. Lincoln showed his skill as a politician in the Lincoln-Douglass debates, when he took a careful stance on slavery that he thought would best suit the needs of the nation at the time. Lincoln was constantly stressing that he was not an abolitionist, and it was ridiculous to assume that â€Å"Just because I do not want a negro woman for a slave I must necessarily want her for a wife,† (Fehrenbacher, 106). Lincoln proved himself when he ran against Douglas in the presidential election of 1860 and won. Lincoln orchestrated the defeat of the Confederacy and the end of slavery using his political position as president and commander-in-chief, and his cunning as a politician to influence the people of America. It could be argued that the slaves played a more vital role in securing their freedom than Abraham Lincoln did. The slaves had influential leaders such as Harriet Tubman and Frederick Douglass. The Underground Railroad  freed hundreds of slaves, and it was led by a former slave, Harriet Tubman. Frederick Douglass wrote a book about his life as a slave which influenced public views of slavery in the North. He also published an abolitionist newspaper, the North Star. He also showed people that slaves were treated like animals and stripped of the quality that defines humans: independent thought. â€Å"these words sank deep into my heart, stirred up sentiments within that lay slumbering, and called to existence an entirely new train of thought,† (Douglass, 20). He told about how he was like other slaves until he learned to read and write, and became a human who was able to create his own destiny. These contributed to raising tensions and starting war, which was a necessary evil for slavery to be abolished and the Union to remain whole. These contributions also put pressure on the government to oppose slavery. Moreover, the 190,000 soldiers, sailors, and laborers who escaped slavery and came to the Union Army contributed greatly to the war effort, fighting valiantly and supporting the Army off the battlefield as well. By the end of the war, these soldiers made up 20 percent of the Union army, as well as influencing public opinion in the North. These were valuable aids to the end of slavery in America, and without them, slavery might not have ended in 1865. However, they are insubstantial compared to the contributions of Abraham Lincoln. First, the emancipation of nearly 200,000 slaves happened because Lincoln had not issued the Emancipation Proclamation and the First and Second Confiscation Acts. He transformed the ideology of a nation when he directed the war at slavery. In comparison with Lincoln’s monumental tasks, the contributions of slaves are insignificant. In conclusion, Abraham Lincoln was a more important constituent in ending Slavery in America than the slaves themselves because of his contributions as Commander-in-chief to win the Civil War and emancipate the slaves, and he was able to do this because he was an outstanding politician who handled the circumstances with unparalleled capability. Lincoln dealt with the difficult issue of fighting a war in which he could not make many bold decisions for fear of the Border States seceding, and he applied his ability as a politician to lead the Union to victory. Lincoln faced another difficult  issue of how to treat escaped slaves during the war, and altered the entire ideology of the war so that the focus was slavery. He did this with his First and Second Confiscation Acts and, most importantly, a well-timed Emancipation Proclamation. Lastly, Lincoln’s capability as a politician led to concrete actions he took towards ending slavery, including the Emancipation Proclamation, the Thirteenth Amendment, and of course, winning the Civil War, the element without which the end of slavery in America might not have been possible. Lincoln influenced the history of America and (unintentionally) became a martyr. Today, racial discrimination does not exist in US legislation and America is constantly getting closer to complete racial equality. Works Cited Ayers, Edward L., Jesus F. De la Teja, Deborah G. White, and Robert D. Schulzinger. American anthem. Ed. Sam Wineburg. Orlando. Fla.: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 2009. â€Å"Civil War Black Soldiers.† , Black Soldiers, Robert Gould Shaw, 54th Massachusetts. 2007. Civil War Academy. 24 Jan. 2013 . Douglass, Frederick. Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass. New York: Dover Publications, 1995. Fehrenbacher, Don E. Abraham Lincoln. Stanford: Stanford UP, 1964. Goodheart, Adam. â€Å"How Slavery Really Ended in America.† New York Times 3 Oct. 2011: 12-15. Halsall, Paul. â€Å"Internet History Sourcebooks.† Internet History Sourcebooks. July 1998. Fordham University. 24 Jan. 2013 . Majerol, Veronica. â€Å"The Emancipation Proclamation.† The New York Times Upfront 7 Jan. 2013: 24-27. McPherson, James. â€Å"Who Freed the Slaves?† Drawn With the Sword: Reflections on the American Civil War. 1996. 192-207.

Quiz

Z QUIZ TOPIC: General knowledge 1. Which part of the Constitution of India starts with –â€Å"WE THE PEOPLE OF INDIA†? (a) Directive principals (b) Fundamental Duties (c) Preamble (d) Fundamental rights 2. Which pieces are maximum in number at the start of a chess game? (a) Rook (b) Knight (c) Pawn (d) Bishop 3. What kind of animal is Shera, the mascot of the 2010 Delhi Commonwealth Games? (a) Bear (b) Leopard (c) Lion (d) Tiger 4. Which of these films has the tag line ‘Every Child is Special’? (a) Tare Zameen Par (b) Paa (c) Koi Mil Gaya (d) Paathshaala 5.Which temple is believed to have been first built in gold, then silver, then wood and finally stone? (a) Somnath (b) Kashi Vishwanath (c) Mahakaali temple (d) None of this 6. Who among these never became a President of Pakisthan? (a) Iskander Mirza (b) Asif Ali Sardaari (c) Zulfikar Ali Bhutto (d) Mohammed Ali Zinnah 7. What yajna did Yudhishthira perform after the battle of Kurukshetra to free himself of his sins? (a) Ashwameda (b) Agnistoma (c) Vajpeya (d) Sarpameda 8. The plant bearing which of these fruits is a vine? (a) Mango (b) Apple (c) Watermelon (d) Banana 9.Which lyricist won an Oscar for the song ‘Jai Ho’? a) Prasoon Joshi b) Piyush Pandey c) Pankaj Panchoury d) Gulzaar 10. Who is the father of hydrogen bomb? a) Alexander G. Bell b) Edward teller c) Jonathan swift d) None of the above 11. What is the colour of octopus blood? a) Red b) Blue c) White d) Green 12. What is ‘T’ in an ATM, with respect to banking? (a) Transaction (b) Teleporting (c) Teller (d) Telebanking 13. Who wrote the book ‘Laughing Gas’? (a) Dan Brown (b) Aditi de (c) Jonathan swift (d) P. G. Wodehouse 14. H1N1, H1N2, H3N1 are all types of what? (a) Virus strains (b) Visa forms c) Vest sizes (d) Video games 15. In which country will the 2014 FIFA WORLD CUP to be held? (a) Mexico (b) Portugal (c) Argentina (d) Brazil 16. Which mountain was formerly known as Peak 15? (a) Mount Everest (b) K2 (c) Kanchenjunga (d) Mount Rushmore 17. Who told this-â€Å"No Great work can be done without Sacrifice†? (a) Gandhi (b) Swami Vivekananda (c) Ramakrishna Paramahamsa (d) Tagore 18. Who was the tenth guru of Sikhs? (a) Guru Bhagavath Singh (b) Guru Govind Singh (c) Guru Gopbind Singh (d) None of these 19. In which of these states have father and son not been Chief Minister? (a) Bihar b) Karnataka (c) Orissa (d) Haryana 20. What is the middle name of Sachin Tendulkar? (a) Ravi (b) Ramesh (c) Rajesh (d) Ramakant ANSWERS 1. (c) Preamble 2. (c) Pawn 3. (d) Tiger 4. (a) Tare Zameen Par 5. (a) Somnath 6. (c) Zulfikar Ali Bhutto 7. (a) Ashwameda 8. (c) Watermelon 9. (d) Gulzaar 10. (b) Edward Teller 11. (b) Blue 12. (c) Teller 13. (d) P. G. Wodehouse 14. (a) virus strains 15. (d) Brazil 16. (a) Mount Everest 17. (b) Swami Vivekananda 18. (c) Guru Gopbind Singh 19. (a) Bihar 20. (b) Ramesh -BY: AISWARYA. M ——————†”————————————————– Quiz The most critical quality of ethical decision making Is objectivity economics expeditions consistency Correct 2 A major consequence of the Carbines-Solely Act of 2002 has been the o political fallout in congress super growth In accounting firms In the U. S. Reorganizing of the governance structure of American corporations o outsourcing of jobs in lower wage countries 3 Judging the appropriateness of a particular action based on a goal to provide the greatest good for the greatest number of people Is what ethics approach? O Social justice approach Moral rights approachBusiness ethics approach utilitarian approach 4 The idea that businesses have a duty to serve society as well as the financial interest of stockholders is called o corporate audit going green corporate services corporate social responsibility Of the three levels of strategy that are part of an organizations decision-making hierarchy, which level develops annual objectives and short-term strategies in such areas as produc tion, operations, and research and development, finance and accounting, marketing, and human relations? O Functional Business ManagementCorporate 6 Which level of strategy uses a portfolio approach? Operational 7 This statement of a company's philosophy usually appears within the mission statement and specifies basic beliefs of a firm. O Company sponsor Company slogan Company commercial Company creed 8 Which law revised and strengthened auditing and account standards? O National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 Carbines-Solely Act of 2002 Federal Fair Trade Act of 1986 Truth in Lending Act of 1968 For the past 28 years, BBC, Inc. Has made a significant investment of time, money, and there resources to increase the literacy rate in adult Americans.This represents which of these principles of successful collaborative social initiatives? O Leverage core capabilities. Identify a long-term durable mission. Weigh government influence. Assemble and value the total package of benefits. Inco rrect 10 This statement presents the firm's strategic intent that focuses the energies and resources of the company on achieving a desirable future. O Values statement Company statement Vision statement Mission statement 11 Which of the following strategic decision makers implement the overall strategy? Corporate managers Functional managers Business managers Board of directors 12 The behavioral consequences of strategic management are similar to those of o authoritative decision making participative decision making autocratic decision making centralized decision making. Quiz The most critical quality of ethical decision making Is objectivity economics expeditions consistency Correct 2 A major consequence of the Carbines-Solely Act of 2002 has been the o political fallout in congress super growth In accounting firms In the U. S. Reorganizing of the governance structure of American corporations o outsourcing of jobs in lower wage countries 3 Judging the appropriateness of a particular action based on a goal to provide the greatest good for the greatest number of people Is what ethics approach? O Social justice approach Moral rights approachBusiness ethics approach utilitarian approach 4 The idea that businesses have a duty to serve society as well as the financial interest of stockholders is called o corporate audit going green corporate services corporate social responsibility Of the three levels of strategy that are part of an organizations decision-making hierarchy, which level develops annual objectives and short-term strategies in such areas as produc tion, operations, and research and development, finance and accounting, marketing, and human relations? O Functional Business ManagementCorporate 6 Which level of strategy uses a portfolio approach? Operational 7 This statement of a company's philosophy usually appears within the mission statement and specifies basic beliefs of a firm. O Company sponsor Company slogan Company commercial Company creed 8 Which law revised and strengthened auditing and account standards? O National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 Carbines-Solely Act of 2002 Federal Fair Trade Act of 1986 Truth in Lending Act of 1968 For the past 28 years, BBC, Inc. Has made a significant investment of time, money, and there resources to increase the literacy rate in adult Americans.This represents which of these principles of successful collaborative social initiatives? O Leverage core capabilities. Identify a long-term durable mission. Weigh government influence. Assemble and value the total package of benefits. Inco rrect 10 This statement presents the firm's strategic intent that focuses the energies and resources of the company on achieving a desirable future. O Values statement Company statement Vision statement Mission statement 11 Which of the following strategic decision makers implement the overall strategy? Corporate managers Functional managers Business managers Board of directors 12 The behavioral consequences of strategic management are similar to those of o authoritative decision making participative decision making autocratic decision making centralized decision making.